Leviticus 13:1-46 – The Dreaded Disease

Translation & Sermon by Nate Wilson for Christ The Redeemer Church, Manhattan, KS 10 July 2016

Intro

· Leviticus 13 and 14 are unique. They contain a number of words describing skin diseases found nowhere else in the Bible. The topic of skin disease and surface infestations is dealt with in painstaking detail in these chapters, but isn’t really mentioned anywhere else except to say that various people were struck with leprosy or healed from leprosy. It presents a real challenge to figure out how to preach on this chapter. It reads more like a dermatology manual than like something for the church. The spiritual applications are not real clear. But since I am a pastor, not a physician, I am going to try to bring out a few points that relate to the glory of God and to our well-being as a church.

· First off, let’s see if we can define the general nature of this plague of leprosy:

o The word naga’ which I translated “lesion” has a wide range of translation, from “infection” to “sore” to “plague” to “blow” or “wound.” The general idea of the word is a disciplinary stroke which leaves a mark of some kind.

o Classic Old Testament commentators Keil & Delitsch wrote, “Of the white leprosy (called Lepra Mosaica), which is still met with in Arabia sometimes, where it is called Baras, Trusen gives the following description: ‘Very frequently, even for years before the actual outbreak of the disease itself, white, yellowish spots are seen lying deep in the skin, particularly on the genitals, in the face, on the forehead, or in the joints. They are without feeling, and sometimes cause the hair to assume the same colour as the spots. These spots afterwards pierce through the cellular tissue, and reach the muscles and bones. The hair becomes white and woolly, and at length falls off; hard gelatinous swellings are formed in the cellular tissue; the skin gets hard, rough, and seamy, lymph exudes from it, and forms large scabs, which fall off from time to time, and under these there are often offensive running sores. The nails then swell, curl up, and fall off; entropium is formed, with bleeding gums, the nose stopped up, and a considerable flow of saliva... The senses become dull, the patient gets thin and weak, colliquative diarrhea sets in, and incessant thirst and burning fever terminate his sufferings’ (Krankheiten d. alten Hebr. p. 165).”

o E.V. Hulse commented that favus, a fungal infection of the skin, matches one of the conditions mentioned here in Leviticus 13, with its invasion of “the full thickness of the skin,” “yellowing of the hair,” and development of “shiny scar tissue.” That is a contagious disease. On the other hand, conditions which affected the entire skin, such as exfoliative dermatitis or scarlet fever would not send an Israelite into a life of exile as a leper.

o JFB commented that, “The patient laboring under this form was pronounced unclean by the Hebrew priest... in his capacity of physician..., and hereby sentenced to a separation from his family and friends - a decisive proof of its being contagious.”

o Matthew Henry, on the other hand, commented, “Not that the leprosy was catching, but by the touch of a leper ceremonial uncleanness was contracted... [I]t was rather an uncleanness than a disease; or, at least, so the law considered it, and therefore employed not the physicians but the priests about it... it was a plague inflicted immediately by the hand of God, and came not from natural causes, as other diseases; and therefore must be managed according to a divine law. Miriam's leprosy, and Gehazi's, and king Uzziah's, were all the punishments of particular sins: and, if generally it was so, no marvel there was so much care taken to distinguish it from a common distemper, that none might be looked upon as lying under this extraordinary token of divine displeasure but those that really were so... [I]t is a plague not now known in the world [This was also Calvin’s position, that it was a special judgment of God contained in the covenant curses of Deut. 28:27.]; what is commonly called the leprosy is of a quite different nature. This seems to have been reserved as a particular scourge for the sinners of those times and places.”

o Wenham, following research in the 1970’s by S.G. Browne and E.V. Hulse, concurred with Henry in the opinion that the “leprosy” of Bible times was different from the Hansen’s disease we call leprosy today. The nodules and nerve damage characteristic of Hansen’s disease is not mentioned here in Leviticus. On the basis of the comparison of Biblical leprosy to “snow” in passages like Ex. 4:6, Num. 12:10, 2 Ki. 5:27, Ps. 68:15, and Psalm 147:16, he suggested it was psoriasis with its white, flaky skin, or vitligo which are not actually serious or contagious diseases. He said that the priests were not acting in the capacity of a physician because they did nothing to heal these lepers^{^[1]}; instead they were making a symbolic rejection of things that appeared impure or mottled in nature in order to symbolically uphold the perfect, unchanging, unmixed character of God. “It was not that the disease as such was thought to be infectious or would result in his death, but the symptoms were incompatible with full membership of the covenant people. The symptoms that led to a verdict of uncleanness were as follows. The ‘skin disease; had to be long and lasting... It had to be deeper than the skin... [and] was something that affected only part of a person... Holiness ins Leviticus is symbolized by wholeness... [I]t was considered to important to preserve the purity of the tabernacle and the holiness of the nation that individuals and families might be forced to suffer a good deal. ”

· So there is a practical physical level at which this passage can be taken (like Keil and Delitzsch and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown) that has to do with managing contagious diseases, but there is also a symbolic, spiritual level at which this passage can be applied (highlighted by Henry and Wenham) which speaks to us about the problem of sin in light of God’s righteousness and points to the gospel of Jesus Christ.

o On the one hand, we need to take care not to expose other people to contagious diseases. For instance, if your child has a contagious disease or has just been vaccinated for a contagious disease, they could infect other children in the church, so it might be good to keep them home from church that Sunday.

o Passages like Gen. 12:17, Ex. 11:1, 2 Sam. 7:14, Psalm 39:10, Psalm 91:10 seem to associate leprosy with God’s punishment, and indeed Isaiah 53:8 uses this same word to say that Jesus took the blow or plague of punishment in order that we may be forgiven of our sin!

o Looking at the banishment in v.45-46, again there is both an application to the control of disease as well as an application to the problem of sin. “[P]utting a covering upon the upper lip... means either wearing a moustache, as the Hebrews used to shave the upper lip [Calmet], or simply keeping a hand over it [like we do to control the spread of disease when we sneeze].” ~JFB “Covering the moustache” is, however, associated with mourning over a death in Ezek. 24:17-22, and so was the tearing of clothes. The gravity of this alienation needs to be understood. Wenham wrote, “A solitary existence was viewed as a calamity in itself in ancient times (cf. Lam. 1:1). It is a modern idea to want to ‘get away from it all.’ Biblical man knew he was meant to live in society, to be a member of God’s people. Living outside the camp... was the place farthest removed form God... The holiest area, where one was closest to God was the tabernacle... It was little wonder that when a man was diagnosed as unclean he had to go into mourning. He experienced a living death; his life as a member of God’s people experiencing God’s blessing came to an end. Genesis 3 presents a similar picture... Adam and Eve experienced a living death when they were expelled from Eden.”

With that in mind, let me read through Leviticus 13, verses 1-47.

1 Now, Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron saying,

2 “In the case of a person who has a swelling or a scab or a bright spot on the skin of his body and it is a lesion of leprosy on the skin of his flesh, then he shall be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons who are priests .

3 And the priest shall look at the lesion on the skin of the body, and [if] the hair in the lesion has changed to white and the appearance of the lesion is deeper than the skin of his body, it is a lesion of leprosy. When the priest sees him then he shall [classify] him unclean.

4 But if the bright spot on the skin of his body is white and is not in appearance deeper than the skin and its hair has not changed to white, then the priest shall shut away the [one with the] lesion [for] seven days.

5 Then the priest shall look at him during the seventh day and see [if] the lesion has been stationary. [If] by his inspection the lesion has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall shut him away for a second seven days.

6 Again the priest shall look at him during the second seventh day. And [if] it looks [like] the lesion has diminished and the lesion has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall [classify] him pure; it is a scab. Then he shall wash his clothes and he will be pure.

7 But if the scab spreads aggressively on the skin after his being looked at by the priest for his purification, then he must be seen a second time by the priest,

8 and the priest shall look, and [if] it looks [like] the scab has spread on the skin, then the priest shall [classify] him unclean; it is a leprosy.

9 When there is a leprosy lesion on a person, he must therefore be brought to the priest,

10 and the priest shall look, and [if] it looks [like] a white swelling in the skin and it has changed hair to white and there is a revival of live flesh in the swelling,

11 it is a dormant leprosy on the skin of his body, and the priest shall [classify] him unclean. He shall not shut him away because he has been unclean.

12 Now, if the leprosy has broken out aggressively on the skin and the leprosy covers all the skin of the [person with the] lesion, from his head even unto his feet for all appearance[s] [to the] eyes of the priest,

13 then the priest shall look and see [if] the leprosy covers all his body and shall [classify as] pure the [person with the] lesion. All of him has changed to white; he is pure.

14 But on the day that live flesh is seen on him, he will be unclean,

15 and the priest shall look at the live flesh and [classify] him unclean. The live flesh itself has become unclean; it is a leprosy.

16 Or [if it be the case] that the live flesh shall turn back and be changed to white, then he shall go to the priest,

17 and the priest shall look at him and see [if] the lesion has been changed to white. Then the priest shall [classify as] pure the [person with the] lesion. He will be pure.

18 Now, [in the case of] flesh where there is a boil on it – on his skin – and it is healed,

19 and there is a white swelling in the location of the boil or red [and] white in the bright spot, then he shall be seen by the priest.

20 Then the priest shall look and see by sight depression below the skin and its hair had changed to white, then the priest shall [classify] him unclean. It is a lesion of leprosy; it has broken out in the boil.

21 Now, if the priest looks at it and sees that white hair is not in it, and it has not gone lower than the skin, and it has diminished , then the priest shall shut him away for seven days,

22 but if it has spread aggressively on the skin, then the priest shall [classify] him unclean; it is a lesion.

23 However, if instead, the bright spot is stationary [and] does not spread, it is a scorch-mark of the boil, and the priest shall [classify] him as pure.

24 Or [in the case of] a body where a fire blister is on his skin and there is revival of the reddish-white or white blister on the bright spot,

25 then the priest shall look at it, and if hair has been changed to white in the bright spot and the look is deeper than the skin, it is a breakout of leprosy in the blister, and the priest shall classify him unclean. It is a lesion of leprosy.

26 Now, if the priest looks at it and sees there is no white hair in the bright spot and it is not lower than the skin there and it has diminished, then the priest shall shut him away seven days,

27 then during the seventh day the priest shall see if it is spreading aggressively on the skin, in which case the priest shall [classify] him unclean; it is a lesion of leprosy.

28 But if instead, the bright spot spreads on the skin and it has diminished, it is a swelling of the blister and the priest shall classify him pure because it is a scorch-mark of the blister.

29 Now, in the case of a man or woman where there is on them a lesion on the head or on the beard,

30 then the priest shall look at the lesion and see from his observation [that] it is deeper than the skin and [that] fine, yellow hair is in it, and the priest shall classify him unclean. It is a scale; it is a leprosy of the head or the beard.

31 But in a case where the priest looks at the lesion of the scale and sees that it is not by his observation deeper than the skin and dark hair is not in it, then the priest shall shut away the [one with] the scaly lesion for seven days.

32 Then the priest shall look at the lesion during the seventh day and see that the scale has not spread and there is not yellow hair in it, and the look of the scale is not deeper than the skin,

33 then he shall shave himself yet he shall not shave the scale, and then the priest shall shut away the [one with the] scale a second seven days.

34 Then the priest shall look at the scale during the seventh day and see that the scale has not spread on the skin and from his observation that it is not deeper than the skin, then the priest shall classify him pure, and he shall wash his clothes and he will be pure.

35 But if the scale spreads aggressively on the skin after his purification,

36 then the priest shall look at him and see that the scale has spread on the skin. The priest should not search for the yellow hair; he is unclean.

37 However, if in his eyes the scale has been stationary and dark hair has sprouted in it, the scale has been healed; he is pure, and the priest shall classify him pure.

38 Now, in the case of a man or woman where there are bright spots – white, bright spots – on the skin of their body,

39 then the priest shall look and see that on the skin of their body there are bright spots faded white. It is vitiligo broken out on the skin; he is clean.

40 Also in the case of a man where his head experiences hair-loss, he is balding; he is pure.

41 And if it’s from the top of his face that his head experiences hair-loss, he is experiencing male-pattern-baldness he is pure.

42 But in a case where there is in the balding or in the male-pattern-baldness a reddish-white lesion, it is a leprosy breaking out in his baldness or in his male-pattern-baldness.

43 Then the priest shall look at it and see that the swelling of the lesion reddish-white in his baldness or in his male-pattern-baldness is like the look of leprosy of the skin of the body.

44 The person is leprous; he is unclean. The priest shall categorize him as very unclean on account of his lesion on his head,

45 and the one who is leprous – on whom there is the lesion – his clothes shall be torn up and his head shall be uncovered, and he shall cover over [his] lips and call out, “Unclean, unclean!”

46 All the days of which the lesion is on him he is unclean. He has become unclean; he shall reside alone, his residence outside the camp.

R.J. Rushdoony - The priest as a Distinguishing agent

· “In Leviticus 13-15, detailed laws of quarantine or separation are given. The details of these laws are not applicable to our times, in that they have an earlier era in mind, but the principles of these laws are still valid.

· “It should be noted that these laws, in particular those dealing with leprosy, were enforced in the “medieval” era and were instrumental in eliminating that disease from Europe as a serious problem... The term leprosy... covered a variety of infectious diseases. In terms of this, the meaning of this legislation is that contagious diseases must be treated with all necessary precautions to prevent contagion. Legislation is thus necessary wherever society requires protection from serious and contagious diseases. The state has therefore a legislative power in dealing with plagues, epidemics, venereal diseases, and other contagious and dangerous diseases. Such legislation is plainly required in the Mosaic law (Num. 5:1-4).

· “Not only is it declared to be a matter of civil legislation but an essential aspect of religious education (Deut. 24:8). It is clear, however, that this legislation, requiring some kind of quarantine or separation for those who are diseased, or who handle the dead (Num. 5:2), has implications beyond the realm of physical diseases. Even as the risk of physical contagion must be avoided, so likewise the risk of moral contagion must be avoided... ‘Therefore shall ye keep mine ordinance, that ye commit not any one of these abominable customs, which were committed before you, and that ye defile not yourselves therein: I am the LORD your God’ (Lev. l8:30)... ‘I am the LORD your God, which have separated you from other people’ (Lev. 20: 24). As the last statement declares, God identifies Himself as the God who separates His people from other peoples: this is a basic part of salvation. The religious and moral separation of the believer is thus a basic aspect of Biblical law. Even as segregation from disease is necessary to avoid contagion, so separation from religious and moral evil is necessary to the preservation of true order. Segregation or separation is thus a basic principle of Biblical law with respect to religion and morality. Every attempt to destroy this principle is an effort to reduce society to its lowest common denominator. Toleration is the excuse under which this leveling is undertaken, but the concept of toleration conceals a radical intolerance. In the name of toleration, the believer is asked to associate on a common level of total acceptance with the atheist, the pervert, the criminal, and the adherents of other religions as though no differences existed. The believer has a duty of lawful behavior toward all, an obligation to manifest grace and charity where it is due, but not to deny the validity of the differences which separate believer and unbeliever...

· “Education is a form of segregation, and, in fact, a basic instrument thereof as well. By means of education, certain aspects of life and experience are given the priority of truth and others are relegated to unimportance or are classed as wrong. Education inescapably segregates and classifies all reality in terms of certain premises or presuppositions. These premises are religious premises and are always pre-theoretical and are determinative of all thinking.

· “Not only education but law also segregates. Every law-order, by legislating against certain types of conduct, requires a segregation in terms of its premises. The segregation demanded by the democratic and the Marxist states is as radical and thorough as any history has seen, if not more so.

· “All religions segregate also, and humanism is certainly no exception. Every religion asserts an order of truth, and every other order is regarded as a lie. Humanism is relativistic with respect to all other religions, but it is absolutistic with respect to man. Man is the absolute of humanism, and all else is treated as error. Segregation, separation, or quarantine, whichever name is used, is inescapable in any society. The radical libertarian claims that he will permit total liberty for all positions, i.e., a free market for all ideas and religions. But he outlaws all positions which deny his own. In the academic world these libertarians have proven to be ruthless enemies of Biblical faith, denying its right to a hearing. The state cannot exist, in such a libertarian order, nor can the church except on the enemy’s terms... Every faith is an exclusive way of life; none is more dangerous than that which maintains the illusion of tolerance.... Because no agreement is possible between truth and a lie, between heaven and hell, St. Paul declared, ‘Wherefore come out from among them and be ye separate, saith the Lord, and touch not the unclean thing: and I will receive you” (II Cor. 6:17).” (The Institutes of Biblical Law, the Sixth Commandment, Para. 13)

Application by Matthew Henry^{^[2]}:

· “[I]it was a figure of the moral pollution of men's minds by sin, which is the leprosy of the soul, defiling to the conscience, and from which Christ alone can cleanse us; for herein the power of his grace infinitely transcends that of the legal priesthood, that the priest could only convict the leper (for by the law is the knowledge of sin), but Christ can cure the leper, he can take away sin. Lord, if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean, which was more than the priests could do, Mt. 8:2...

· “It is a work of great importance, but of great difficulty, to judge of our spiritual state: we have all cause to suspect ourselves, being conscious to ourselves of sores and spots, but whether clean or unclean is the question. A man might have a scab (Lev. 13:6) and yet be clean: the best have their infirmities; but, as there were certain marks by which to know that it was a leprosy, so there are characters of such as are in the gall of bitterness, and the work of ministers is to declare the judgment of leprosy and to assist those that suspect themselves in the trial of their spiritual state, remitting or retaining sin. And hence the keys of the kingdom of heaven are said to be given to them, because they are to separate between the precious and the vile, and to judge who are fit as clean to partake of the holy things and who as unclean must be debarred from them...

· “If men do not grow worse, but a stop be put to the course of their sins and their corruptions be checked, it is to be hoped they will grow better; but if sin get ground, and they become worse every day, they are going downhill.
“If there was proud raw flesh in the rising, the priest needed not to wait any longer, it was certainly a leprosy, Lev. 13:10-11. Nor is there any surer indication of the badness of a man's spiritual state than the heart's rising in self-conceit, confidence in the flesh, and resistance of the reproofs of the word and strivings of the Spirit...

· “The priest must take time in making his judgment, and not give it rashly. If the matter looked suspicious, he must shut up the patient seven days, and then seven days more, that his judgment might be according to truth. This teaches all, both ministers and people, not to be hasty in their censures, nor to judge any thing before the time. If some men's sins go before unto judgment, the sins of others follow after, and so men's good works; therefore let nothing be done suddenly, 1Tim. 5:22-25...

· “When old sores, that seemed to be cured, break out again, it is to be feared there is a leprosy in them; such is the danger of those who, having escaped the pollutions of the world, are again entangled therein and overcome (2 Pet. 2:20)...

· “If the leprosy of sin have seized the head, if the judgment be corrupted, and wicked principles which countenance and support wicked practices, be embraced, it is an utter uncleanness, from which few are ever cleansed. Soundness in the faith keeps the leprosy from the head, and saves conscience from being shipwrecked....

· “Thus must we take to ourselves the shame that belongs to us, and with broken hearts call ourselves by our own name, Unclean, unclean - heart unclean, life unclean, unclean by original corruption, unclean by actual transgression - unclean, and therefore worthy to be for ever excluded from communion with God, and all hope of happiness in him. We are all as an unclean thing (Isa. 64:6) - unclean, and therefore undone, if infinite mercy do not interpose.

· “And this was all that the law could do, in that it was weak through the flesh; it taught the leper to cry, Unclean, unclean, but the gospel has put another cry into the lepers' mouths, Luke 17:12-13, where we find ten lepers crying with a loud voice, Jesus, Master, have mercy on us. The law only shows us our disease; the gospel shows us our help in Christ.

· “[Finally, being shut out of the camp] typified the purity which ought to be preserved in the gospel church, by the solemn and authoritative exclusion of scandalous sinners, that hate to be reformed, from the communion of the faithful. Put away from among yourselves that wicked person, 1Cor. 5:13.”

Comparative translations of Leviticus 13

When a translation adds words not in the Hebrew text, but does not indicate it has done so by the use of italics (or greyed-out text), I put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a wording which is different from all the other translations, I underline it. When a version chooses a translation which, in my opinion, either departs too far from the root meaning of the Hebrew word or departs too far from the grammar form of the original Hebrew, I use ~~strikeout~~. And when a version omits a word which is in the Hebrew text, I insert an X. (Sometimes I will place the X at the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English translation is singular.) I have also tried to use colors to help the reader see correlations between the various editions and versions when there are more than two different translations of a given word. Hebrew text that is colored purple matches the Dead Sea Scrolls, and variants between the DSS and the MT are noted in endnotes with the following exceptions: When a holem pointing in the MT is represented in the DSS by a vav or a hireq pointing in the MT is represented in the DSS by a yod (the corresponding consonantal representation of the same vowel) or when the tetragrammaton is spelled with paleo Hebrew letters, I did not record it a variant. Past verse 20, I ran out of time to highlight differences between the versions, so I added Brenton’s English translation of the Septuagint to make it easier for readers to do this themselves if so inclined.

LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
1 Καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων λέγων	1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, saying,	1 Now, Yahweh spoke to Moses and to Aaron saying,	1 וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה וְאֶל-אַהֲרֹן לֵאמֹר:
2 Ἀνθρώπῳ ἐάν [τινι] γένηται ἐν δέρματι χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ οὐλὴ X σημασίας X τηλαυγὴς καὶ γένηται ἐν δέρματι χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ ἁφὴ λέπρας, καὶ ἀχθήσεται πρὸς Ααρων τὸν ἱερέα ἢ X ἕνα τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ τῶν ἱερέων.	2 When a man shall have in the skin of his flesh a rising, X a scab, or bright spot, and it be in the skin of his flesh like the plague of leprosy; then he shall be brought unto Aaron the priest, or unto one of his sons the priests:	2 In the case of a person who has a swelling or a scab or a bright spot on the skin of his body^{^[a]} and it is a lesion of leprosy on the skin of his flesh, then he shall be brought to Aaron the priest or to one of his sons who are priests^{^[b]}.	2 אָדָם כִּי-יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר-בְּשָׂרוֹ שְׂאֵת אוֹ-סַפַּחַת אוֹ בַהֶרֶת וְהָיָה בְעוֹר-בְּשָׂרוֹ לְנֶגַע צָרָעַת וְהוּבָא^HoP3msאֶל-אַהֲרֹן הַכֹּהֵן אוֹ אֶל-אַחַד מִבָּנָיו הַכֹּהֲנִים:
3 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφὴν ἐν δέρματι τοῦ χρωτὸς [αὐτοῦ], καὶ ἡ θρὶξ ἐν τῇ ἁφῇ μεταβάλῃ λευκή, καὶ ἡ ὄψις τῆς ἁφῆς ταπεινὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος τοῦ χρωτός X, ἁφὴ λέπρας ἐστίν· καὶ ὄψεται X ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτόν.	3 And the priest shall look on the plague in the skin of the flesh: and when the hair in the plague is turned white, and the plague in sight be deeper than the skin of his flesh, it is a plague of leprosy: and the priest shall look on him, and [pronounce] him unclean.	3 And the priest shall look at the lesion on the skin of the body, and [if] the hair in the lesion has changed to white and the look of the lesion is deeper than the skin of his body, it is a lesion of leprosy. When the priest sees him then he shall [classify] him unclean.^{^[c]}	3 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּגַע בְּעוֹר-הַבָּשָׂר וְשֵׂעָר בַּנֶּגַע הָפַךְ לָבָן וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּגַע עָמֹק מֵעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הוּא וְרָאָהוּ^{^[d]} הַכֹּהֵן וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ:
4 ἐὰν δὲ τηλαυγὴς λευκὴ ᾖ ἐν τῷ δέρματι τοῦ χρωτός X, καὶ ταπεινὴ μὴ ᾖ ἡ ὄψις [αὐτῆς] ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος, καὶ ἡ θρὶξ [αὐτοῦ] οὐ μετέβαλεν [τρίχα] λευκήν, [αὐτὴ δέ ἐστιν ἀμαυρά], καὶ ἀφοριεῖ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφὴν ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας.	4 X If the bright spot be white in the skin of his flesh, and in sight be not deeper than the skin, and the hair thereof be not turned white; then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague seven days:	4 But if the bright spot on the skin of his body is white and does not look deeper than the skin and its hair has not changed to white, then the priest shall shut away^{^[e]} the [one with the] lesion [for] seven days.^{^[f]}	4 וְאִם-בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה הִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְעָמֹק אֵין-מַרְאֶהָ מִן-הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָה לֹא-הָפַךְ לָבָן וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּגַע שִׁבְעַת יָמִים:
5 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν [ἁφὴν] τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ ἁφὴ μένει ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ, οὐ μετέπεσεν ἡ ἁφὴ ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καὶ ἀφοριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας τὸ δεύτερον.	5 And the priest shall look on him the seventh day: and, behold, if the plague in his sight be at a stay, and the plague spread not in the skin; then the priest shall shut him up seven days more:	5 Then the priest shall look at him during the seventh day and see [if] the lesion has been stationary. [If] by his inspection the lesion has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall shut him away for a second seven days.	5 וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה הַנֶּגַע עָמַד בְּעֵינָיו לֹא-פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְהִסְגִּירוֹ^HiP3ms+3msהַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִית:
LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
6 καὶ ὄψεται αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ τὸ δεύτερον, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀμαυρὰ ἡ ἁφή, οὐ μετέπεσεν ἡ ἁφὴ ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καθαριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· σημασία [γάρ] ἐστιν· καὶ πλυνάμενος τὰ ἱμάτια X X καθαρὸς ἔσται.	6 And the priest shall look on him again X the seventh day: and, behold, if the plague be somewhat dark, and the plague spread not in the skin, the priest shall [pronounce] him clean: it is but a scab: and he shall wash his clothes, and be clean.	6 Again the priest shall look at him during the second seventh day. And [if] it looks [like] the lesion has diminished and the lesion has not spread on the skin, then the priest shall [classify] him pure; it is a scab. Then he shall wash his clothes and he will be pure.	6 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שֵׁנִית וְהִנֵּה כֵּהָה^{^[g]} הַנֶּגַע וְלֹא-פָשָׂה הַנֶּגַע בָּעוֹר וְטִהֲרוֹ^PiP+3msהַכֹּהֵן מִסְפַּחַת הִיא וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵר:
7 ἐὰν δὲ μεταβαλοῦσα μεταπέσῃ ἡ σημασία ἐν τῷ δέρματι μετὰ τὸ ἰδεῖν αὐτὸν τὸν ἱερέα τοῦ καθαρίσαι αὐτόν, καὶ ὀφθήσεται τὸ δεύτερον τῷ ἱερεῖ,	7 But if the scab spread much abroad in the skin, after that he hath been seen of the priest for his cleansing, X he shall be seen of the priest again:	7 But if the scab spreads aggressively on the skin after his being looked at by the priest for his purification, then he must be seen a second time by the priest,	7 וְאִם-פָּשֹׂה^QNתִפְשֶׂה^QI3fsהַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי הֵרָאֹתוֹ^NiN+3msאֶל-הַכֹּהֵן לְטָהֳרָתוֹ וְנִרְאָה^NiPשֵׁנִית אֶל-הַכֹּהֵן:
8 καὶ ὄψεται [αὐτὸν] ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ μετέπεσεν ἡ σημασία ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· λέπρα ἐστίν.	8 And if the priest see that, behold, the scab spreadeth in the skin, then the priest shall [pronounce] him unclean: it is a leprosy.	8 and the priest shall look, and [if] it looks [like] the scab has spread on the skin, then the priest shall [classify] him unclean; it is a leprosy.	8 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשְׂתָה^QP3fsהַמִּסְפַּחַת בָּעוֹר וְטִמְּאוֹ^PiP3ms+3msהַכֹּהֵן צָרַעַת הִוא: פ
9 Καὶ ἁφὴ λέπρας ἐὰν γένηται ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ, καὶ ἥξει πρὸς τὸν ἱερέα· And if a man have a plague of leprosy, then he shall come to the priest;	9 When the plague of leprosy is in a man, then he shall be brought unto the priest;	9 When there is a leprosy lesion on a person, he must therefore be brought to the priest,	9 נֶגַע^{^[h]} צָרַעַת כִּי תִהְיֶה^{^[i]} בְּאָדָם וְהוּבָא^HoP3msאֶל-הַכֹּהֵן:
10 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐλὴ λευκὴ ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καὶ αὕτη μετέβαλεν τρίχα λευκήν, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑγιοῦς τῆς σαρκὸς τῆς ζώσης ἐν τῇ οὐλῇ,	10 And the priest shall see him: and, behold, if [the] rising be white in the skin, and it have turned [the] hair white, and there be quick raw flesh in the rising;	10 and the priest shall look, and [if] it looks [like] a white swelling in the skin and it has changed hair to white and there is a revival of live flesh in the swelling,^{^[j]}	10 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה שְׂאֵת-לְבָנָה בָּעוֹר וְהִיא הָפְכָה^QP3fשֵׂעָר לָבָן וּמִחְיַת בָּשָׂר חַי בַּשְׂאֵת:
11 λέπρα παλαιουμένη ἐστίν, ἐν τῷ δέρματι τοῦ χρωτός X ἐστιν, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ X ἀφοριεῖ αὐτόν, ὅτι ἀκάθαρτός ἐστιν.	11 It is an old leprosy in the skin of his flesh, and the priest shall [pronounce] him unclean, [and] shall not shut him up: for he is unclean.	11 it is a dormant leprosy on the skin of his body, and the priest shall [classify] him unclean. He shall not shut him away because he has been unclean.^{^[k]}	11 צָרַעַת נוֹשֶׁנֶת^NiPTfsהִוא בְּעוֹר בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטִמְּאוֹ^+3ms הַכֹּהֵן לֹא יַסְגִּרֶנּוּ^HiI+3msכִּי טָמֵא הוּא:
12 ἐὰν δὲ ἐξανθοῦσα ἐξανθήσῃ ἡ λέπρα ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καὶ καλύψῃ ἡ λέπρα πᾶν τὸ δέρμα τῆς ἁφῆς ἀπὸ κεφαλῆς X ἕως ποδῶν X καθ᾿ ὅλην X τὴν ὅρασιν τοῦ ἱερέως,	12 And if a leprosy break out abroad in the skin, and the leprosy cover all the skin of him that hath the plague from his head even to his foot, wheresoever the priest looketh;	12 Now, if the leprosy has broken out aggressively on the skin and the leprosy covers all the skin of the [person with the] lesion, from his head even unto his feet for all appearance[s] [to the] eyes of the priest,	12 וְאִם-פָּרוֹחַ^QNתִּפְרַח^QI3fהַצָּרַעַת בָּעוֹר וְכִסְּתָה^PP3fהַצָּרַעַת אֵת כָּל-עוֹר הַנֶּגַע מֵרֹאשׁוֹ וְעַד-רַגְלָיו לְכָל-מַרְאֵה עֵינֵי הַכֹּהֵן:
LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
13 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐκάλυψεν ἡ λέπρα πᾶν τὸ δέρμα X [τοῦ χρωτός], καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸν [ὁ ἱερεὺς] τὴν ἁφήν, [ὅτι] πᾶν μετέβαλεν λευκόν, καθαρόν ἐστιν.	13 Then the priest shall consider: and, behold, if the leprosy have covered all his flesh, X he shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: it is all turned white: he is clean.	13 then the priest shall look and see [if] the leprosy covers all his body and shall [classify as] pure the [person with the] lesion. All of him has changed to white; he is pure.^{^[l]}	13 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה כִסְּתָה הַצָּרַעַת אֶת-כָּל-בְּשָׂרוֹ וְטִהַר אֶת-הַנָּגַע כֻּלּוֹ הָפַךְ לָבָן טָהוֹר הוּא:
14 καὶ ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ὀφθῇ ἐν αὐτῷ χρὼς ζῶν, μιανθήσεται,	14 But when X raw flesh appeareth in him, he shall be unclean.	14 But on the day that live flesh^{^[m]} is seen on him, he will be unclean,	14 וּבְיוֹם הֵרָאוֹת^NiNבּוֹ בָּשָׂר חַי יִטְמָא:
15 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸν χρῶτα τὸν ὑγιῆ, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ χρὼς ὁ ὑγιής, [ὅτι] ἀκάθαρτός ἐστιν· λέπρα ἐστίν.	15 And the priest shall see the raw flesh, and pronounce him to be unclean: for the raw flesh X is unclean: it is a leprosy.	15 and the priest shall look at the live flesh and [classify] him unclean. The live flesh itself has become unclean; it is a leprosy.	15 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי וְטִמְּאוֹ^PiP+3msהַבָּשָׂר הַחַי טָמֵא הוּא צָרַעַת הוּא:
16 ἐὰν δὲ ἀποκαταστῇ ὁ χρὼς ὁ ὑγιὴς καὶ μεταβάλῃ λευκή, καὶ ἐλεύσεται πρὸς τὸν ἱερέα,	16 Or if the raw flesh turn again, and be changed unto white, X he shall come unto the priest;	16 Or [if it be the case] that the live flesh shall turn back and be changed to white, then he shall go to the priest,	16 אוֹ כִי יָשׁוּב הַבָּשָׂר הַחַי וְנֶהְפַּךְ לְלָבָן וּבָא אֶל-הַכֹּהֵן:
17 καὶ ὄψεται X ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ μετέβαλεν ἡ ἁφὴ εἰς τὸ λευκόν, καὶ καθαριεῖ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφήν· καθαρός ἐστιν.	17 And the priest shall see him: and, behold, if the plague be turned into white; then the priest shall pronounce him clean that hath the plague: he is clean.	17 and the priest shall look at him and see [if] the lesion has been changed to white. Then the priest shall [classify as] pure the [person with the] lesion. He will be pure.	17 וְרָאָהוּ^+3s הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה נֶהְפַּךְ הַנֶּגַע לְלָבָן וְטִהַר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּגַע טָהוֹר הוּא:
18 Καὶ σὰρξ ἐὰν γένηται ἐν X X τῷ δέρματι αὐτοῦ ἕλκος καὶ ὑγιασθῇ,	18 The flesh also, X in which, even in the skin thereof, was a boil, and is healed,	18 Now, [in the case of] flesh where there is a boil on it – on his skin – and it is healed,	18 וּבָשָׂר כִּי-יִהְיֶה בוֹ-בְעֹרוֹ^{^[n]} שְׁחִין וְנִרְפָּא:
19 καὶ γένηται ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τοῦ ἕλκους οὐλὴ λευκὴ ἢ τηλαυγὴς λευκαίνουσα [ἢ] πυρρίζουσα, καὶ ὀφθήσεται τῷ ἱερεῖ,	19 And in the place of the boil there be a white rising, or a X X bright spot, white, [and] [somewhat] reddish, and it be shewed to the priest;	19 and there is a white swelling in the location of the boil or red [and] white in the bright spot, then he shall be seen by the priest. ^{^[o]}	19 וְהָיָה בִּמְקוֹם הַשְּׁחִין שְׂאֵת לְבָנָה אוֹ בַהֶרֶת לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדָּמֶת וְנִרְאָה אֶל-הַכֹּהֵן:
20 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ ὄψις ταπεινοτέρα τοῦ δέρματος, καὶ ἡ θρὶξ αὐτῆς μετέβαλεν εἰς λευκήν, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· X λέπρα ἐστίν, ἐν τῷ ἕλκει ἐξήνθησεν.	20 And [if, when] the priest seeth [it,] behold, it be in sight lower than the skin, and the hair thereof be turned white; x the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague of leprosy X broken out of the boil.	20 And the priest shall look and see by his observation [if] there is depression below the skin and [if] its hair has changed to white, in which case the priest shall [classify] him unclean. It is a lesion of leprosy; it has broken out in the boil.	20 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה מַרְאֶהָ שָׁפָל^{^[p]} מִן-הָעוֹר וּשְׂעָרָהּ הָפַךְ לָבָן וְטִמְּאוֹ^PiP+3sהַכֹּהֵן נֶגַע-צָרַעַת הִוא בַּשְּׁחִין פָּרָחָה^QP3f:
LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
21 ἐὰν δὲ ἴδῃ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῷ θρὶξ λευκή, καὶ ταπεινὸν μὴ ᾖ ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος τοῦ χρωτός, καὶ αὐτὴ ᾖ ἀμαυρά, ἀφοριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας. [Brenton] But if the priest look, and behold there is no white hair on it, and it be not below the skin of the flesh, and it be dark-coloured; then the priest shall separate him seven days.	21 But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white hairs therein, and if it be not lower than the skin, but be somewhat dark; then the priest shall shut him up seven days:	21 Now, if the priest looks at it and sees that white hair is not in it, and it has not gone lower than the skin, and it has diminished^{^[q]}, then the priest shall shut him away for seven days,	21 וְאִם יִרְאֶנָּה^{^[r]} הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה אֵין-בָּהּ שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּשְׁפָלָה אֵינֶנָּה מִן-הָעוֹר וְהִיא כֵהָה וְהִסְגִּירוֹ^HiP3s+3msהַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים:
22 ἐὰν δὲ διαχέηται ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· ἁφὴ λέπρας ἐστίν, [ἐν τῷ ἕλκει ἐξήνθησεν]. [Brenton] But if it manifestly spread over the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague of leprosy; it has broken out in the ulcer.	22 And if it spread much abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague.	22 but if it has spread aggressively on the skin, then the priest shall [classify] him unclean; it is a lesion.	22 וְאִם-פָּשֹׂה^QNתִפְשֶׂה^QI3fבָּעוֹר וְטִמֵּא הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ נֶגַע הִוא:
23 ἐὰν δὲ κατὰ χώραν μείνῃ τὸ τηλαύγημα καὶ μὴ διαχέηται, οὐλὴ τοῦ ἕλκους ἐστίν, καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς. [Brenton] But if the bright spot should remain in its place and not spread, it is the scar of the ulcer; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.	23 But if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not, it is a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.	23 However, if instead the bright spot is stationary [and] does not spread, it is a scorch-mark of the boil, and the priest shall [classify] him as pure.	23 וְאִם-תַּחְתֶּיהָ תַּעֲמֹד^QI3fsהַבַּהֶרֶת לֹא פָשָׂתָה^QP3fצָרֶבֶת הַשְּׁחִין הִוא וְטִהֲרוֹ^+3msהַכֹּהֵן: ס
24 Καὶ σὰρξ ἐὰν γένηται ἐν τῷ δέρματι αὐτοῦ κατάκαυμα πυρός, καὶ γένηται ἐν τῷ δέρματι αὐτοῦ τὸ ὑγιασθὲν τοῦ κατακαύματος αὐγάζον τηλαυγὲς λευκὸν ὑποπυρρίζον ἢ ἔκλευκον, [Brenton] And if the flesh be in his skin in a state of fiery inflammation, and there should be in his skin the part which is healed of the inflammation, bright, clear, and white, suffused with red or very white;	24 Or if there be any flesh, in the skin whereof there is a hot burning, and the quick flesh that burneth have a white bright spot, somewhat reddish, or white;	24 Or [in the case of] a body where a fire blister is on his skin and there is revival of the reddish-white or white blister on the bright spot,	24 אוֹ בָשָׂר כִּי-יִהְיֶה בְעֹרוֹ מִכְוַת-אֵשׁ וְהָיְתָה^QP3fמִחְיַת הַמִּכְוָה בַּהֶרֶת לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת אוֹ לְבָנָה:
25 καὶ ὄψεται αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ μετέβαλεν θρὶξ λευκὴ εἰς τὸ αὐγάζον, καὶ ἡ ὄψις αὐτοῦ ταπεινὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος, λέπρα ἐστίν, ἐν τῷ κατακαύματι ἐξήνθησεν· καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς, ἁφὴ λέπρας ἐστίν. [Brenton] then the priest shall look upon him, and, behold, if the hair being white is changed to a bright colour, and its appearance is lower than the skin, it is a leprosy; it has broken out in the inflammation, and the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague of leprosy.	25 Then the priest shall look upon it: and, behold, if the hair in the bright spot be turned white, and it be in sight deeper than the skin; it is a leprosy broken out of the burning: wherefore the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy.	25 then the priest shall look at it, and if hair has been changed to white in the bright spot and the look is deeper than the skin, it is a breakout of leprosy in the blister, and the priest shall classify him unclean. It is a lesion of leprosy.	25 וְרָאָה אֹתָהּ הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה נֶהְפַּךְ שֵׂעָר לָבָן בַּבַּהֶרֶת וּמַרְאֶהָ עָמֹק מִן-הָעוֹר צָרַעַת הִוא בַּמִּכְוָה פָּרָחָה וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶגַע צָרַעַת הִוא:
26 ἐὰν δὲ ἴδῃ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῷ αὐγάζοντι θρὶξ λευκή, καὶ ταπεινὸν μὴ ᾖ ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος, αὐτὸ δὲ ἀμαυρόν, καὶ ἀφοριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας. [Brenton] But if the priest should look, and, behold, there is not in the bright spot any white hair, and it should not be lower than the skin, and it should be dark, then the priest shall separate him seven days.	26 But if the priest look on it, and, behold, there be no white hair in the bright spot, and it be no lower than the other skin, but be somewhat dark; then the priest shall shut him up seven days:	26 Now, if the priest looks at it and sees there is no white hair in the bright spot and it is not lower than the skin there and it has diminished, then the priest shall shut him away seven days,	26 וְאִם יִרְאֶנָּה^QI3m+3fהַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה אֵין-בַּבֶּהֶרֶת שֵׂעָר לָבָן וּשְׁפָלָה אֵינֶנָּה מִן-הָעוֹר וְהִוא כֵהָה וְהִסְגִּירוֹ^HiP3m+3mהַכֹּהֵן שִׁבְעַת יָמִים:
LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
27 καὶ ὄψεται αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ· ἐὰν δὲ διαχύσει διαχέηται ἐν τῷ δέρματι, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· ἁφὴ λέπρας ἐστίν, ἐν τῷ ἕλκει ἐξήνθησεν. [Brenton] And the priest shall look upon him on the seventh day; and if the spot be much spread in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a plague of leprosy, it has broken out in the ulcer	27 And the priest shall look upon him the seventh day: and if it be spread much abroad in the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is the plague of leprosy.	27 then during the seventh day the priest shall see if it is spreading aggressively on the skin, in which case the priest shall [classify] him unclean; it is a lesion of leprosy.	27 וְרָאָהוּ הַכֹּהֵן בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי אִם-פָּשֹׂה^QNתִפְשֶׂה בָּעוֹר וְטִמֵּא הַכֹּהֵן אֹתוֹ נֶגַע צָרַעַת הִוא:
28 ἐὰν δὲ κατὰ χώραν μείνῃ τὸ αὐγάζον καὶ μὴ διαχυθῇ ἐν τῷ δέρματι, αὐτὴ δὲ ᾖ ἀμαυρά, ἡ οὐλὴ τοῦ κατακαύματός ἐστιν, καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· ὁ γὰρ χαρακτὴρ τοῦ κατακαύματός ἐστιν. [Brenton] But if the bright spot remain stationary, and be not spread in the skin, but the sore should be dark, it is a scar of inflammation; and the priest shall pronounce him clean, for it is the mark of the inflammation	28 And if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not in the skin, but it be somewhat dark; it is a rising of the burning, and the priest shall pronounce him clean: for it is an inflammation of the burning.	28 But if instead, the bright spot spreads on the skin and it has diminished, it is a swelling of the blister and the priest shall classify him pure because it is a scorch-mark of the blister.	28 וְאִם-תַּחְתֶּיהָ תַעֲמֹד^QI3fהַבַּהֶרֶת לֹא-פָשְׂתָה בָעוֹר וְהִוא כֵהָה שְׂאֵת הַמִּכְוָה הִוא וְטִהֲרוֹ^+3msהַכֹּהֵן כִּי-צָרֶבֶת הַמִּכְוָה הִוא: פ
29 Καὶ ἀνδρὶ καὶ γυναικὶ ἐὰν γένηται ἐν αὐτοῖς ἁφὴ λέπρας ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ ἢ ἐν τῷ πώγωνι, [Brenton] And if a man or a woman have in them a plague of leprosy in the head or the beard;	29 If a man or woman have a plague upon the head or the beard;	29 Now, in the case of a man or woman where there is on them a lesion on the head or on the beard,	29 וְאִישׁ אוֹ אִשָּׁה כִּי-יִהְיֶה בוֹ נָגַע בְּרֹאשׁ אוֹ בְזָקָן:
30 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφὴν καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ ὄψις αὐτῆς ἐγκοιλοτέρα τοῦ δέρματος, ἐν αὐτῇ δὲ θρὶξ ξανθίζουσα λεπτή, καὶ μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς· θραῦσμά ἐστιν, λέπρα τῆς κεφαλῆς ἢ λέπρα τοῦ πώγωνός ἐστιν. [Brenton] then the priest shall look on the plague, and, behold, if the appearance of it be beneath the skin, and in it there be thin yellowish hair, then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a scurf, it is a leprosy of the head or a leprosy of the beard.	30 Then the priest shall see the plague: and, behold, if it be in sight deeper than the skin; and there be in it a yellow thin hair; then the priest shall pronounce him unclean: it is a dry scall, even a leprosy upon the head or beard.	30 then the priest shall look at the lesion and see from his observation [that] it is deeper than the skin and [that] fine, yellow hair is in it, and the priest shall classify him unclean. It is a scale^{^[s]}; it is a leprosy of the head or the beard.	30 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּגַע וְהִנֵּה מַרְאֵהוּ עָמֹק מִן-הָעוֹר וּבוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב^{^[t]} דָּק וְטִמֵּא אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן נֶתֶק הוּא צָרַעַת הָרֹאשׁ אוֹ הַזָּקָן הוּא^{^[u]}:
31 καὶ ἐὰν ἴδῃ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφὴν τοῦ θραύσματος καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐχ ἡ ὄψις ἐγκοιλοτέρα τοῦ δέρματος, καὶ θρὶξ ξανθίζουσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἀφοριεῖ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφὴν τοῦ θραύσματος ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας. [Brenton] And if the priest should see the plague of the scurf, and, behold, the appearance of it be not beneath the skin, and there is no yellowish hair in it, then the priest shall set apart him that has the plague of the scurf seven days.	31 And if the priest look on the plague of the scall, and, behold, it be not in sight deeper than the skin, and that there is no black hair in it; then the priest shall shut up him that hath the plague of the scall seven days:	31 But in a case where the priest looks at the lesion of the scale and sees that it is not by his observation deeper than the skin and dark hair is not in it, then the priest shall shut away the [one with] the lesion of the scale for seven days.	31 וְכִי-יִרְאֶה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק וְהִנֵּה אֵין-מַרְאֵהוּ עָמֹק מִן-הָעוֹר וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר אֵין בּוֹ וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-נֶגַע הַנֶּתֶק שִׁבְעַת יָמִים:
32 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς τὴν ἁφὴν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐ διεχύθη τὸ θραῦσμα, καὶ θρὶξ ξανθίζουσα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἡ ὄψις τοῦ θραύσματος οὐκ ἔστιν κοίλη ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος, [Brenton] And the priest shall look at the plague on the seventh day; and, behold, if the scurf be not spread, and there be no yellowish hair on it, and the appearance of the scurf is not hollow under the skin;	32 And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the plague: and, behold, if the scall spread not, and there be in it no yellow hair, and the scall be not in sight deeper than the skin;	32 Then the priest shall look at the lesion during the seventh day and see that the scale has not spread and there is not yellow hair in it, and the look of the scale is not deeper than the skin,	32 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּגַע^{^[v]} בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה לֹא-פָשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק וְלֹא-הָיָה בוֹ שֵׂעָר צָהֹב וּמַרְאֵה הַנֶּתֶק אֵין עָמֹק מִן-הָעוֹר:
LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
33 καὶ ξυρηθήσεται τὸ δέρμα, τὸ δὲ θραῦσμα οὐ ξυρηθήσεται, καὶ ἀφοριεῖ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ θραῦσμα ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας τὸ δεύτερον. [Brenton] then the skin shall be shaven, but the scurf shall not be shaven; and the priest shall set aside the person having the scurf the second time for seven days.	33 He shall be shaven, but the scall shall he not shave; and the priest shall shut up him that hath the scall seven days more:	33 then he shall shave himself yet he shall not shave the scale, and then the priest shall shut away the [one with the] scale a second seven days.	33 וְהִתְגַּלָּח^{^[w]} וְאֶת-הַנֶּתֶק לֹא יְגַלֵּחַ וְהִסְגִּיר הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּתֶק שִׁבְעַת יָמִים שֵׁנִית:
34 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ θραῦσμα τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ, καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐ διεχύθη τὸ θραῦσμα ἐν τῷ δέρματι μετὰ τὸ ξυρηθῆναι αὐτόν, καὶ ἡ ὄψις τοῦ θραύσματος οὐκ ἔστιν κοίλη ἀπὸ τοῦ δέρματος, καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς, καὶ πλυνάμενος τὰ ἱμάτια καθαρὸς ἔσται. [Brenton] And the priest shall see the scurf on the seventh day; and, behold, if the scurf is not spread in the skin after the man's being shaved, and the appearance of the scurf is not hollow beneath the skin, then the priest shall pronounce him clean; and he shall wash his garments, and be clean.	34 And in the seventh day the priest shall look on the scall: and, behold, if the scall be not spread in the skin, nor be in sight deeper than the skin; then the priest shall pronounce him clean: and he shall wash his clothes, and be clean.	34 Then the priest shall look at the scale during the seventh day and see that the scale has not spread on the skin and from his observation that it is not deeper than the skin, then the priest shall classify him pure, and he shall wash his clothes and he will be pure.	34 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן אֶת-הַנֶּתֶק בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי וְהִנֵּה לֹא-פָשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר וּמַרְאֵהוּ אֵינֶנּוּ עָמֹק מִן-הָעוֹר וְטִהַר אֹתוֹ הַכֹּהֵן וְכִבֶּס בְּגָדָיו וְטָהֵר:
35 ἐὰν δὲ διαχύσει διαχέηται τὸ θραῦσμα ἐν τῷ δέρματι μετὰ τὸ καθαρισθῆναι αὐτόν, [Brenton] But if the scurf be indeed spread in the skin after he has been purified,	35 But if the scall spread much in the skin after his cleansing;	35 But if the scale spreads aggressively on the skin after his purification,	35 וְאִם-פָּשֹׂה^QNיִפְשֶׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר אַחֲרֵי טָהֳרָתוֹ:
36 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ διακέχυται τὸ θραῦσμα ἐν τῷ δέρματι, οὐκ ἐπισκέψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς περὶ τῆς τριχὸς τῆς ξανθῆς, ὅτι ἀκάθαρτός ἐστιν. [Brenton] then the priest shall look, and, behold, if the scurf be spread in the skin, the priest shall not examine concerning the yellow hair, for he is unclean.	36 Then the priest shall look on him: and, behold, if the scall be spread in the skin, the priest shall not seek for yellow hair; he is unclean.	36 then the priest shall look at him and see that the scale has spread on the skin. The priest should not search for the yellow hair; he is unclean.	36 וְרָאָהוּ^+3ms הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה פָּשָׂה הַנֶּתֶק בָּעוֹר לֹא-יְבַקֵּר הַכֹּהֵן לַשֵּׂעָר הַצָּהֹב טָמֵא הוּא:
37 ἐὰν δὲ ἐνώπιον μείνῃ τὸ θραῦσμα ἐπὶ χώρας καὶ θρὶξ μέλαινα ἀνατείλῃ ἐν αὐτῷ, ὑγίακεν τὸ θραῦσμα· καθαρός ἐστιν, καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς. [Brenton] But if the scurf remain before him in its place, and a dark hair should have arisen in it, the scurf is healed: he is clean, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.	37 But if the scall be in his sight at a stay, and that there is black hair grown up therein; the scall is healed, he is clean: and the priest shall pronounce him clean.	37 However, if in his eyes the scale has been stationary and dark hair has sprouted in it, the scale has been healed; he is pure, and the priest shall classify him pure.	37 וְאִם-בְּעֵינָיו עָמַד הַנֶּתֶק וְשֵׂעָר שָׁחֹר צָמַח-בּוֹ נִרְפָּא הַנֶּתֶק טָהוֹר הוּא וְטִהֲרוֹ^+3msהַכֹּהֵן: ס
38 Καὶ ἀνδρὶ ἢ γυναικὶ ἐὰν γένηται ἐν δέρματι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ αὐγάσματα αὐγάζοντα λευκαθίζοντα, [Brenton] And if a man or woman should have in the skin of their flesh spots of a bright whiteness,	38 If a man also or a woman have in the skin of their flesh bright spots, even white bright spots;	38 Now, in the case of a man or woman where there are bright spots – white, bright spots – on the skin of their body,	38 וְאִישׁ אוֹ-אִשָּׁה כִּי-יִהְיֶה בְעוֹר-בְּשָׂרָם בֶּהָרֹת בֶּהָרֹת לְבָנֹת:
39 καὶ ὄψεται ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐν δέρματι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ αὐγάσματα αὐγάζοντα λευκαθίζοντα, ἀλφός ἐστιν, καθαρός ἐστιν· ἐξανθεῖ ἐν τῷ δέρματι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, καθαρός ἐστιν. [Brenton] then the priest shall look; and, behold, there being bright spots of a bright whiteness in the skin of their flesh, it is a tetter; it burst forth in the skin of his flesh; he is clean.	39 Then the priest shall look: and, behold, if the bright spots in the skin of their flesh be darkish white; it is a freckled spot that groweth in the skin; he is clean.	39 then the priest shall look and see that on the skin of their body there are bright spots faded white. It is vitiligo broken out on the skin; he is clean.	39 וְרָאָה הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה בְעוֹר-בְּשָׂרָם בֶּהָרֹת כֵּהוֹת לְבָנֹת בֹּהַק הוּא פָּרַח בָּעוֹר טָהוֹר הוּא: ס
LXX	KJV	NAW	MT
40 Ἐὰν δέ τινι μαδήσῃ ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ, φαλακρός ἐστιν, καθαρός ἐστιν· [Brenton] And if any one's head should lose the hair, he is only bald, he is clean.	40 And the man whose hair is fallen off his head, he is bald; yet is he clean.	40 Also in the case of a man where his head experiences hair-loss, he is balding; he is pure.	40 וְאִישׁ כִּי יִמָּרֵט^NiIרֹאשׁוֹ קֵרֵחַ^{^[x]} הוּא טָהוֹר הוּא:
41 ἐὰν δὲ κατὰ πρόσωπον μαδήσῃ ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ, ἀναφάλαντός ἐστιν, καθαρός ἐστιν. [Brenton] And if his head should lose the hair in front, he is forehead bald: he is clean.	41 And he that hath his hair fallen off from the part of his head toward his face, he is forehead bald: yet is he clean.	41 And if it’s from the top of his face that his head experiences hair-loss, he is experiencing male-pattern-baldness he is pure.	41 וְאִם מִפְּאַת פָּנָיו יִמָּרֵט רֹאשׁו^{^[y]}ֹ גִּבֵּחַ הוּא טָהוֹר הוּא:
42 ἐὰν δὲ γένηται ἐν τῷ φαλακρώματι [αὐτοῦ] ἢ ἐν τῷ ἀναφαλαντώματι [αὐτοῦ] ἁφὴ λευκὴ ἢ πυρρίζουσα, λέπρα ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ φαλακρώματι αὐτοῦ ἢ ἐν τῷ ἀναφαλαντώματι αὐτοῦ, [Brenton] And if there should be in [his] baldness of head, or [his] baldness of forehead, a white or fiery plague, it is leprosy in his baldness of head, or baldness of forehead.	42 And if there be in the bald head, or bald forehead, a white reddish sore; it is a leprosy sprung up in his bald head, or his bald forehead.	42 But in a case where there is in the balding or in the male-pattern-baldness a reddish-white lesion, it is a leprosy breaking out in his baldness or in his male-pattern-baldness.	42 וְכִי-יִהְיֶה בַקָּרַחַת^{^[z]} אוֹ בַגַּבַּחַת נֶגַע לָבָן אֲדַמְדָּם צָרַעַת פֹּרַחַת^QPTfsהִוא בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּוֹ:
43 καὶ ὄψεται αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡ ὄψις τῆς ἁφῆς λευκὴ πυρρίζουσα ἐν τῷ φαλακρώματι αὐτοῦ ἢ ἐν τῷ ἀναφαλαντώματι αὐτοῦ ὡς εἶδος λέπρας ἐν δέρματι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ, [Brenton] And the priest shall look upon him, and, behold, if the appearance of the plague be white or inflamed in his baldness of head or baldness in front, as the appearance of leprosy in the skin of his flesh,	43 Then the priest shall look upon it: and, behold, if the rising of the sore be white reddish in his bald head, or in his bald forehead, as the leprosy appeareth in the skin of the flesh;	43 Then the priest shall look at it and see that the swelling of the lesion reddish-white in his baldness or in his male-pattern-baldness is like the look of leprosy of the skin of the body.	43 וְרָאָה אֹתוֹ^{^[aa]} הַכֹּהֵן וְהִנֵּה שְׂאֵת-הַנֶּגַע לְבָנָה אֲדַמְדֶּמֶת בְּקָרַחְתּוֹ אוֹ בְגַבַּחְתּוֹ כְּמַרְאֵה צָרַעַת עוֹר בָּשָׂר:
44 ἄνθρωπος λεπρός ἐστιν· μιάνσει μιανεῖ αὐτὸν ὁ ἱερεύς, ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ αὐτοῦ ἡ ἁφὴ αὐτοῦ. [Brenton] he is a leprous man: the priest shall surely pronounce him unclean, his plague is in his head.	44 He is a leprous man, he is unclean: the priest shall pronounce him utterly unclean; his plague is in his head.	44 The person is leprous; he is unclean. The priest shall categorize him as very unclean on account of his lesion on his head,	44 אִישׁ-צָרוּעַ^QPsvPTmsהוּא טָמֵא הוּא טַמֵּא^PiNיְטַמְּאֶנּוּ^PiI+3הַכֹּהֵן בְּרֹאשׁוֹ נִגְעוֹ:
45 Καὶ ὁ λεπρός, ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ ἁφή, τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ ἔστω παραλελυμένα καὶ ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἀκατακάλυπτος, καὶ περὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ περιβαλέσθω καὶ ἀκάθαρτος κεκλήσεται· [Brenton] And the leper in whom the plague is, let his garments be ungirt, and his head uncovered; and let him have a covering put upon his mouth, and he shall be called unclean.	45 And the leper in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent, and his head bare, and he shall put a covering upon his upper lip, and shall cry, Unclean, unclean.	45 and the one who is leprous – on whom there is the lesion – his clothes shall be torn up and his head shall be uncovered, and he shall cover over [his] lips and call out, “Unclean, unclean!”	45 וְהַצָּרוּעַ^QPsvPTmsאֲשֶׁר-בּוֹ הַנֶּגַע בְּגָדָיו יִהְיוּ^QI3mp פְרֻמִים^QPsvPTmp וְרֹאשׁוֹ יִהְיֶה פָרוּעַ^{^[bb]}^QPsvPTms וְעַל-שָׂפָם יַעְטֶה^{^[cc]} וְטָמֵא טָמֵא יִקְרָא:
46 πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας, ὅσας ἂν ᾖ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἡ ἁφή, ἀκάθαρτος ὢν ἀκάθαρτος ἔσται· κεχωρισμένος καθήσεται, ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἔσται αὐτοῦ ἡ διατριβή . [Brenton] All the days in which the plague shall be upon him, being unclean, he shall be esteemed unclean; he shall dwell apart, his place of sojourn shall be without the camp.	46 All the days wherein the plague shall be in him he shall be defiled; he is unclean: he shall dwell alone; without the camp shall his habitation be.	46 All the days of which the lesion is on him he is unclean. He has become unclean; he shall reside alone, his residence outside the camp.	46 כָּל-יְמֵי אֲשֶׁר הַנֶּגַע בּוֹ יִטְמָא^QIטָמֵא הוּא בָּדָד יֵשֵׁב^QIמִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה מוֹשָׁבוֹ: ס

^{^[1]} Calvin lashed into the Roman Catholic priesthood for assuming the role of physicians in his exposition of this passage.

Leviticus 13:1-46 – The Dreaded Disease

Intro

R.J. Rushdoony - The priest as a Distinguishing agent

Application by Matthew Henry[2]:

Comparative translations of Leviticus 13

Application by Matthew Henry^{^[2]}: