Translation & Sermon by
Nate Wilson for Christ The
· Chapters 11-15 were important context for understanding the many different ways that the Jews could become unclean and unacceptable to God, from eating the wrong kind of food to touching dead animals, to having a child, bleeding or discharging any other body fluids, skin disease, and mold in clothing or on walls. But in the midst of the vulnerability of the human condition of uncleanness, God shines forth a glorious hope in Leviticus 16 by instituting Yom Kippur, the annual “Day of Atonement.”
· NAW Translation: Lev. 16:1 Again Yahweh spoke to Moses
after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they had drawn near to the face
of Yahweh and had died, 2 and Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell Aaron your brother
that he must not go at any-old time to the holy place inside of the veil before
the face of the atonement-cover which is on the Ark so that he won’t die,
because I will be seen in the cloud upon the atonement-cover. 3 It is in this
way that Aaron shall go to the
·
In terms of sequential action, Leviticus 16 picks up where chapter 10
left off, with the drama of
· The instruction to Aaron in v.2 about not sauntering in casually any old time he pleases should give us pause. You may think you want to be in God’s presence, but think again. Are you really in a position to handle the blazing cloud of glory, the searching gaze that overlooks no sin, the holy terror of the Almighty God infinitely charged to do literally anything, the immensity of an infinite being disrupting the fragile surface of our finite lives. Really?
· In the Old Testament there had to be barriers to separate people from accidentally crossing paths with this God and getting fried to a crisp.
o Moses built
a fence around the base of
o Then, once
the tabernacle was built and God’s special presence hovered there, they built
covers and heavy curtains and poles so that nobody would ever even see or touch
the sacred
o The deaths of Nadab and Abihu in chapter 10 underscored this when they tried to do the incense in the tabernacle wrong. Fire came out before the presence of the Lord and consumed them from the inside out, leaving nothing but their smoking clothes.
o And these were mere encounters with the place where God dwelt in His special presence. None of those people saw or touched God Himself. (Moses saw His back once, but that was it.)
· For you to think that God is some kind of invisible buddy that you can be friends with and who trips along beside you looking for neat little things to do for you is utterly insulting and grossly underestimating who the Divine Person is.
o He is not some mystical puff of smoke rising through la-la land or some shining human face like He’s portrayed in pictures.
o He is bigger than all the oceans and mountains and cities and landmasses of this planet, bigger than the sun and the sky. Such Titans are the mere offspring of His lips – little ideas He spoke into existence.
o He is stronger and more unyielding than the bedrock of techtonic plates, more alive and vibrantly active than a billion volts of electricity,
o and so much more personal that every human that ever existed in history – or ever will be in the future – came out of Him and did not exhaust Him, and He knows every one of those billions intimately just as He knows every star by name.
o This God will not be disrespected. And this God will withdraw His presence from those who tolerate sin and do not share His passion for holiness.
· Leviticus 16 tells us the only way to enter the Divine Presence and make a place suitable for God to dwell, and that is:
o v.2 at the right time, (not just any old time, but the time God wants to)
o v.3 With the death of a substitute (verses 5-7 introduce the animals to be used as sacrifices), and
o v.4 clean and with the garments of holiness.
· NAW Translation: 16:5 Then from the assembly of the children of Israel he shall take two kids from the goats for a sin offering and one ram for a whole-burnt-offering. 6 Then Aaron shall bring the young bull for the sin-offering which is for him, and he shall make atonement with regard to himself and with regard to his household. 7 Then he shall take the two goats and cause them to stand before the face of Yahweh [at the] entrance of the Tent of Meeting, 8 and Aaron shall roll dice over the two goats – one die for Yahweh, and one die for the scapegoat. 9 Then Aaron shall bring the goat for which the die turned up for Yahweh and he shall make it a sin-offering, 10 and the goat for which the die turned up for the scapegoat shall be stationed alive before the face of Yahweh to make atonement over him by sending it as the scapegoat to the wilderness.
· The lots/dice may have been the Urim and Thummim stored in the High Priest’s breast-pocket, although I read of Jewish traditions that they were special dice kept in an urn.
o They seem to have been binary in nature, rather than six-sided like our dice, so they would have been operated like a prayerful flip of a coin. It is said that the name of the LORD was engraved on one side, and the Hebrew text here actually describes which face of the lot was facing “up” after the throw, so perhaps if the side with the Lord’s name was facing up after the coin was tossed, that meant the goat would be sacrificed, but if it landed on the side marked “azazel,” the goat goes free.
o In this way, it was God Himself, and not the sinner, who chose the victim upon which He would pour out his just wrath against sin. It foreshadows the Divine choice for Jesus to be the victim to die for our sins. That choice was made by God Himself. Jesus noted that no one took His life from Him, but rather the laid it down by His own free choice on behalf of His sheep (John 10:15-18, cf. Acts 2:23).
· Now, the scapegoat ceremony is put on pause with the live goat standing before the LORD while the priest has to purify the Holy of Holies, the Tent of Meeting, and the Altar where the sacrifices were burned, also making atonement for himself, his household, and the nation. All this had to be done before God could signify to them that their sins were indeed carried away.
·
NAW Translation: Lev. 16:11 Then Aaron shall bring the young bull of
the sin-offering which is for him and he shall make atonement with regard to
himself and with regard to his household, he shall also slaughter the young
bull for the sin-offering which is for himself. 12 Then he shall get the
coal-shuttle full of coals of fire from off the altar from the presence of
Yahweh with his hand-fulls of sweet incense powder and bring [it] inside of the
veil, 13 and he shall put the incense upon the fire before the face of Yahweh,
and the smoke of the incense will conceal the Atonement-cover which is over the
Testimony so that he will not die. 14 Then he shall take some of the blood of
the young bull and sprinkle [it] with his finger upon the surface of the
atonement-cover. He shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times with his
finger. 15 Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin-offering which is for
the people, and he shall bring its blood to the inside of the curtain and do
with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and he shall sprinkle it
upon the atonement-cover and also in front of the atonement-cover. 16 And so he
shall make atonement over the sanctuary from the uncleannesses of the children
of Israel and from their transgressions for all their sins, and thus he shall
do regarding the Tent of Meeting of the One who dwells with them in the midst
of their uncleanness. 17 Also there should not be any human being in the Tent
of Meeting during his entrance to make atonement in the sanctuary until his
exit. So he shall make atonement with regard to himself and with regard to his
household and with regard to all the congregation of
· cf. Exodus 25:10-22 "And they shall make an ark of
acacia wood; two and a half cubits shall be its length, a cubit and a half its
width, and a cubit and a half its height. And you shall overlay it with pure
gold, inside and out you shall overlay it, and shall make on it a molding of
gold all around... 16 And you shall put into the ark
the Testimony which I will give you. You shall make a mercy seat of pure gold;
two and a half cubits shall be its length and a cubit and a half its width. And
you shall make two cherubim of gold; of hammered work you shall make them at
the two ends of the mercy seat. Make one cherub at one end, and the other
cherub at the other end; you shall make the cherubim at the two ends of it of
one piece with the mercy seat. And the cherubim shall stretch out their wings
above, covering the mercy seat with their wings, and they shall face one
another; the faces of the cherubim shall be toward the mercy seat. You shall put
the mercy seat on top of the ark, and in the ark you shall put the Testimony
that I will give you. And there I will meet with you, and I will speak with you
from above the mercy seat, from between the two cherubim which are on the ark
of the Testimony, about everything which I will give you in commandment to the
children of
· Literally the “mercy-seat” was just a lid for the box, but because of its use, it was also a place where God (who is always everywhere) manifested His presence in a special way and mercifully provided forgiveness of sins.
o
Inside the box were witnesses or testimonies to the covenant
relationship He had established with the Jews: The summary of the law code
inscribed on two tablets of stone, the manna by which God provided food for His
people, and the rod of Aaron that bore almonds to show God’s choice of
leadership (Heb. 9:4). If anyone were to ever question whether God was true to
His word and whether
· For the priest, must have been quite the adrenaline rush to pull back that curtain, knowing that this could be the last thing you ever did on this earth. If you did it wrong, you could join the ranks of Nadab and Abihu and be snuffed out of the land of the living.
o Differences between this and when Nadab & Abihu offered their strange fire would include the “fullness” of the censer, the incense being the “sweet” special-recipe stuff, and it being the annual Day of Atonement.
o “[A]s burning incense was a symbol[1] of prayer, this covering of the capporeth with the cloud of incense was a symbolical covering of the glory of the Most Holy One with prayer to God, in order that He might not see the sin, nor suffer His holy wrath to break forth upon the sinner, but might graciously accept, in the blood of the sin-offering, the souls for which it was presented.” ~Keil & Delitzsch
· The Hebrew plural indicating the handfuls of incense are interpreted by the NAS and NIV as filling both hands, so perhaps he had to make multiple trips,
o pulling the
side of the curtain up, not enough to see the Ark of the Covenant inside the
inner-sanctum, the
o Then a second trip to empty two handfuls of incense power into the pail. This was the incense that God commanded to be made according to His special recipe in Exodus 30 and which Bezalel made in Ex 37:29.
o Then a wait for the little room to fill with smoke.
o Then he picked up the first bowl of blood and actually stepped inside the curtain before the dreadful presence of God.
o Jewish scholars tell us that it was traditional to tie a rope to the priest’s leg so he could be hauled out without anybody else being killed if the LORD were to strike the High Priest dead at that awesome moment.
o After flicking bull’s blood seven times upon on the golden surface of the ark, he had to duck out again and get a second bowl of blood – goat’s blood this time, and flick it seven more times in the same spot between the statues of the cherubim.
o The bull was for his own sins, and the goat was for the sins of the people. He could not help the people of his nation be freed of their offenses against God without himself first being freed from his own sins.
· Verses 16 & 20 may indicate that sprinkling of the blood was also done in the holy place on the other side of the curtain as well
o Exodus 30:10 And Aaron shall make an atonement upon the horns of it [that is the altar of incense in the Tent of Meeting on the other side of the curtain from the Ark] once in a year with the blood of the sin offering of atonements: once in the year shall he make atonement upon it throughout your generations: it is most holy unto the LORD. (KJV)
o Thus we see later in Lev. 16:20 that both the Holy of
Holies as well as the
· As usual, there is little explanation given in Leviticus as to why the priest had to do all these things. Obviously they have some symbolic meaning. It was like the Jews were supposed to just obey and then the meanings would dawn on them after they put them into practice. I am reminded of Jesus’ exhortation, “Go and learn what this means, ‘I desire mercy and not sacrifice...’” (Matt. 9:13) Much of what we learn about spiritual things comes through when we are carrying out the mundane things that God has given us to do when we didn’t even realize their spiritual significance.
·
Clearly, Hebrews tells us that this Day of Atonement was a picture of
the saving ministry of Jesus Christ: Hebrews 9:7 “But into the second part the
high priest went alone once a year, not without blood, which he offered
for himself and for the people's sins committed in ignorance; 8
the Holy Spirit indicating this, that the way into the Holiest of All was not
yet made manifest while the first tabernacle was still standing. 9 It was
symbolic for the present time in which both gifts and sacrifices are offered
which cannot make him who performed the service perfect in regard to the
conscience— 10 concerned only with foods and drinks, various washings, and
fleshly ordinances imposed until the time of reformation. 11 But Christ came as
High Priest of the good things to come, with the greater and more perfect
tabernacle not made with hands, that is, not of this creation. 12 Not with the
blood of goats and calves, but with His own blood He entered the
· Now, in addition to the Holy of Holies and the outer Tent of Meeting, a third area where God and Man came into contact also had to be purified, and that was the....
NAW Translation: Lev. 16:18 Then he shall go out to the altar which is before the face of Yahweh and he shall make atonement upon it. Now he shall get some of the blood of the young bull and some of the blood of the goat and apply [it] around on the horns of the altar, 19 and he shall sprinkle it from the blood with his finger seven times and purify it and sanctify it from the uncleannesses of the children of Israel.
· “One of these goats must be slain, in token of a satisfaction to be made to God's justice for sin, the other must be sent away, in token of the remission or dismission of sin by the mercy of God... whereas the people by their sins had provoked God to take away those tokens of his favourable presence with them, and rendered even that holy place unfit to be the habitation of the holy God, atonement was hereby made for sin, that God, being reconciled to them, might continue with them.” ~Matthew Henry[2]
NAW Translation: Lev. 16: 20 As he finishes atoning for the sanctuary, and the Tent of Meeting and the altar, then he shall bring the live goat, 21 and Aaron shall lean both of his hands upon the head of the live goat, and he shall confess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel and all their transgressions for all their sin, so he shall put them upon the head of the goat, and he shall send [it] toward the wilderness by the hand of a man with availability. 22 Then the goat will carry upon it all their iniquities to a separate country, so he shall send the goat into the wilderness.
· “The rites in the holy of holies were unseen by the general public. The scapegoat ceremony was seen by all and could be understood by all. It was a powerful visual aid that demonstrated the reality of sin and the need to eliminate it.” ~Gordon Wenham, NICOT
· How did the priest confess all the sins of the people? Perhaps just a recitation of the 10 commandments would suffice?
· Three words show up here describing ways that we humans have offended God:
o Iniquity (avon) – this Hebrew word pictures crookedness. God has certain ideals of good that He wants us to affirm, but instead we bend and warp and twist what is good into thoughts and actions that are grotesque. For instance, God’s love unselfishly considers what is best for the object of His love, but for us, our loves are basically selfish, and we love what is disgusting to Him.
o Sin (hatat) – this Hebrew word pictures missing the target. God wants us to do certain things and meet certain standards and we just aren’t good enough. In Leviticus He calls us to be holy as He is holy, and although we make an effort at some holiness, we tolerate so much impurity that we are a constant disappointment to Him.
o Transgression (pesha’) – this Hebrew word pictures crossing over a line. God says don’t do certain things and we do them anyway. He draws boundaries and we trample right over them. He says, “Do not covet,” “Be content,” and instead we complain and lust and wish we had more. We are constantly offending Him by the things we say and do and by the things we don’t say and don’t do. It’s a pretty hopeless situation!
o But thanks be to God. In Exodus 34:6-7a He described himself as, "The LORD, the LORD God, merciful and gracious, longsuffering, and abounding in goodness and truth, keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin..." (NKJV)
· How does God do that?
o He is just and fair, so He cannot forgive sin without punishing it. Exodus 34:7 continues: “...He will by no means leave the guilty unpunished...” (NASB), so He did it by punishing an innocent volunteer instead, His own Son Jesus.
o Isaiah 53:4-6 “Surely our griefs He Himself carried, and our sorrows, He bore them... He was being pierced from our transgression - beaten from our iniquity. Chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes there is healing for us. All we like the flock have strayed, each has faced toward his own way. But Jehovah interposed in Him the iniquity of us all.” (NAW)
o Isaiah 59:20 “And the deliverer shall come for
o 2 Corinthians 5:21 “For He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.” (NKJV)
· The man who is fit/ready/appointed/available is someone who is able to miss the rest of the day’s activities and stay outside the camp or the city until the next day.
o Perhaps this would suit a single man who didn’t have family gathered for Succoth?
o It became a tradition over time to actually drive the goat over a cliff so that the man overseeing the task would be sure it died in the wilderness and didn’t make its way back to the community.
NAW Translation: Lev. 16:23 Then Aaron shall go into the Tent of Meeting and strip off the linen clothes which he wore during his entry to the sanctuary, and leave them there, 24 and he shall bathe his body with water in a holy place and put on his clothes and go out and make his whole-burnt-offering and the whole-burnt-offering of the people, and make atonement with regard to himself and with regard to the people. 25 Also, he shall cause the fat of the sin-offering to go up in smoke on the altar. 26 Now, the man who sends out the goat as the scapegoat shall wash his clothes and bathe his body with water, and then afterwards he shall enter into the camp. 27 And, as for the young bull of the sin-offering and the goat of the sin-offering whose blood was brought into the sanctuary to make atonement shall be taken outside of the camp, and they shall burn their hides - and their flesh and their dung - in the fire. 28 Then the man who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body with water and then afterwards he shall enter into the camp.
· Just like he had to wash before entering, the high priest who sprinkled the blood in the holy place had to wash afterwards upon exiting.
o As a practical matter, all the blood on his hands would be washed off. Symbolically, it represented cleanness from any moral guilt.
o The clothes he took off were burned and another outfit made in time for the next year.
o The clothes he put back on were his regular priestly garments which were different from his Day of Atonement linens because his regular costume had gold and blue threads interwoven with the white linen fabric.
· But then, he still had burnt offerings to officiate, one for himself, and one for the nation.
· And the fellows who ushered the scapegoat out of the camp and who hauled off the carcasses of the sin offerings outside the camp to burn them – all the guys who left the encampment had to wash before re-entering the community of God’s people.
NAW Translation: Lev. 16: 29 Now it shall be for a
lasting statute for y’all during the seventh month during the tenth [day] of
the month: you shall humble your souls and not do any work – the native as well
as the guest who is staying as a guest among y’all, 30 because during this day
he will make atonement over y’all to purify you; y’all will be purified from all
your sins before the face of Yahweh. 31 It is a Sabbath rest for y’all, so you
must humble your souls; it is a lasting statute. 32 Also, the priest whom he
shall anoint and whom he shall ordain to be priest instead of his father shall
make atonement, and he shall wear his linen clothes – the clothes of holiness,
33 and he shall make atonement for the Holy Place and for the Tent of Meeting,
and he shall make atonement for the altar; he shall make atonement over the
priests and over all the people of the congregation. 34 So this shall belong to
y’all as a lasting statute to make atonement over the children of
· The priest figures largely in this chapter:
o Yom Kippur was to be perpetuated from one high priest to the next, from father to son. God left provisions to keep His covenant going through the generations. Now that the High Priesthood has been taken over by Jesus, who has everlasting life, there will be no more priest after Him.
o 1 Timothy 2:5 “For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus” (KJV)
· God also foreshadowed the universal outpouring of His mercy on Jews and Gentiles alike through Jesus in the provision that Yom Kippur was for foreigners as well as native Jews (similar to the law of the Passover holiday in Ex. 12).
· The question is, “How shall we respond to such a great salvation? There is a command in v.31: “You must humble your souls.” That’s how God wants you to respond to His plan of salvation. The Hebrew word there ‘anah has to do with pressing down and making low. It is translated various ways in various translations: humbling/denying/afflicting
· Let me suggest three practical ways to humble your soul based on Leviticus 16:
o Not working: Only the priest would work that day. This pictured God’s plan of justifying His people apart from their works. Just like the ancient Jews, we are saved by the atonement made by our Great High Priest Jesus Christ on the cross. We simply trust that Jesus appeased God’s wrath against our offenses, and we trust Him to make us right with God.
o Fasting
(Psalm 35:13, Isa. 58:3-5). This fast was a unique feature among the annual
holidays of
o Submission to authority is another meaning of this phrase which seems to be in view here. This Day of Atonement Holiday was to be a statute to regulate the Jews for a long time – some would even say forever. They were to submit to God’s authority and follow the law in Leviticus 16. Although we don’t have to burn incense and sprinkle blood in the temple anymore, we still need to have an attitude of submission to God to readily obey all that Jesus commanded. (Matt. 28:20)
As we look at the broad strokes of chapter 16, we once again see that God is holy, that man is sinful - disqualified from being with God, and yet we see God made a way to be reconciled through the death of a substitute and the removal of the sinful offenses, prefigured by goats, and fulfilled by Christ. Let us therefore cling to these timeless truths that Jesus is our eternal high priest whose blood was accepted by God to make atonement to cover our sin and shortcomings and rebellion against God, and let us worship God with the reverence and awe He deserves.
When a translation adds words not in the Hebrew text, but
does not indicate it has done so by the use of italics (or greyed-out text), I
put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a wording
which is different from all the other translations, I underline it. When
a version chooses a translation which, in my opinion, either departs too far
from the root meaning of the Hebrew word or departs too far from the grammar
form of the original Hebrew, I use strikeout. And when a version omits a
word which is in the Hebrew text, I insert an X. (Sometimes I will place the X
at the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English translation
is singular.) Hebrew text that is colored purple matches the Dead Sea Scrolls,
and variants between the DSS and the MT are noted in endnotes with the
following exceptions: When a holem pointing in the MT is represented in
the DSS by a vav or a hireq pointing in the MT is represented in
the DSS by a yod (the corresponding consonantal representation of the
same vowel) or when the tetragrammaton is spelled with paleo Hebrew letters, I
did not record it a variant.
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LXX |
Brenton |
KJV |
NAW |
MT |
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1 Καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν μετὰ τὸ τελευτῆσαι τοὺς δύο υἱοὺς Ααρων ἐν τῷ προσάγειν αὐτοὺς [πῦρ ἀλλότριον] ἔναντι κυρίου καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν |
1 And the Lord spoke to Moses after the two sons of Aaron died in bringing [strange fire] before the Lord, so they died. |
1 And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered before the LORD, and died; |
1 Again Yahweh spoke to Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron when they had drawn near to the face of Yahweh and had died, |
1וַיְדַבֵּר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה אַחֲרֵי מוֹת שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אַהֲרֹן בְּקָרְבָתָם[A] לִפְנֵי-יְהוָה וַיָּמֻתוּ: |
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2 καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν Λάλησον πρὸς Ααρων τὸν ἀδελφόν σου καὶ μὴ εἰσπορευέσθω πᾶσαν ὥραν εἰς τὸ ἅγιον ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου, ὅ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς κιβωτοῦ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται· ἐν γὰρ νεφέλῃ ὀφθήσομαι ἐπὶ τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου. |
2 And the Lord said to Moses, Speak to Aaron thy brother, and let him not come in at all times into the holy place within the veil before the propitiatory, which is upon the ark of the testimony, and he shall not die; for I will appear in a cloud on the propitiatory. |
2 And the LORD said unto Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the holy place within the vail before the mercy seat, which is upon the ark; that he die not: for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat. |
2
and Yahweh said to Moses, “Tell Aaron your brother that he must not go at
any-old time to the holy place inside of the veil before the face of the
atonement-seat which is on the |
2 וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-מֹשֶׁה דַּבֵּר[B] אֶל-אַהֲרֹן אָחִיךָ וְאַל-יָבֹא בְכָל-עֵת אֶל-הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת אֶל-פְּנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת[C] אֲשֶׁר עַל-הָאָרֹן וְלֹא יָמוּת כִּי בֶּעָנָן אֵרָאֶה[D] עַל-הַכַּפֹּרֶת: |
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3 οὕτως εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων εἰς τὸ ἅγιον· ἐν μόσχῳ ἐκ βοῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ κριὸν εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα· |
3 Thus shall Aaron enter into the holy place; with a calf of the herd for a sin-offering, and having a ram for a whole-burnt-offering. |
3 Thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a young bullock for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering. |
3
It is in this way that Aaron shall go to the |
3 בְּזֹאת יָבֹא אַהֲרֹן אֶל-הַקֹּדֶשׁ בְּפַר בֶּן-בָּקָר לְחַטָּאת וְאַיִל לְעֹלָה: |
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4 καὶ χιτῶνα λινοῦν ἡγιασμένον ἐνδύσεται, καὶ περισκελὲς λινοῦν ἔσται ἐπὶ τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ζώνῃ λινῇ ζώσεται καὶ κίδαριν λινῆν περιθήσεται· ἱμάτια ἅγιά ἐστιν, καὶ λούσεται ὕδατι πᾶν τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐνδύσεται αὐτά. |
4 And he shall put on the consecrated linen tunic, and he shall have on his flesh the linen drawers, and shall gird himself with a linen girdle, and shall put on the linen cap, they are holy garments; and he shall bathe [all] his body in water, and shall put them on. |
4 He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on. |
4 He must wear the holy linen tunic, and the linen underwear shall be over his body, and he shall be girded with the linen belt, and he shall wrap up with the linen priest-cap. They are the clothes of holiness, so he must bathe his body with water and then wear them. |
4 [E]כְּתֹנֶת-בַּד קֹדֶשׁ יִלְבָּשׁ וּמִכְנְסֵי-בַד יִהְיוּ עַל-בְּשָׂרוֹ וּבְאַבְנֵט בַּד יַחְגֹּר וּבְמִצְנֶפֶת בַּד יִצְנֹף[F] בִּגְדֵי-קֹדֶשׁ הֵם וְרָחַץ בַּמַּיִם אֶת-[G]בְּשָׂרוֹ וּלְבֵשָׁם: |
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5 καὶ παρὰ τῆς συναγωγῆς τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ λήμψεται δύο χιμάρους ἐξ αἰγῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ κριὸν ἕνα εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμα. |
5
And he shall take of the congregation of the children of |
5
And he shall take of the congregation of the children of |
5
Then from the assembly of the children of |
5וּמֵאֵת עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל יִקַּח שְׁנֵי-שְׂעִירֵי עִזִּים לְחַטָּאת וְאַיִל אֶחָד לְעֹלָה: |
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6 καὶ προσάξει Ααρων τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ. |
6 And Aaron shall bring the calf for his own sin-offering, and shall make atonement for himself and for his house. |
6 And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house. |
6 Then Aaron shall bring the young bull for the sin-offering which is for him, and he shall make atonement with regard to himself and with regard to his household. |
6וְהִקְרִיב אַהֲרֹן אֶת-פַּר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ: |
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7 καὶ λήμψεται τοὺς δύο χιμάρους καὶ στήσει αὐτοὺς ἔναντι κυρίου παρὰ τὴν θύραν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου· |
7
And he shall take the two goats, and |
7 And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the LORD at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. |
7 Then he shall take the two goats and cause them to stand before the face of Yahweh [at the] entrance of the Tent of Meeting, |
7וְלָקַח אֶת-שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִם וְהֶעֱמִיד אֹתָם לִפְנֵי יְהוָה פֶּתַח אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד: |
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8 καὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων ἐπὶ τοὺς δύο χιμάρους κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ κλῆρον ἕνα τῷ ἀποπομπαίῳ. |
8
and Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats, one lot for the Lord, and the |
8 And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the LORD, and the other lot for the scapegoat. |
8 and Aaron shall roll dice over the two goats – one die for Yahweh, and one die for the scapegoat. |
8וְנָתַן אַהֲרֹן עַל-שְׁנֵי הַשְּׂעִירִם גּוֹרָלוֹת גּוֹרָל אֶחָד לַיהוָה וְגוֹרָל אֶחָד לַעֲזָאזֵל:[H] |
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9 καὶ
προσάξει Ααρων τὸν χίμαρον,
[ἐφ᾿] ὃν ἐπῆλθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ὁ κλῆρος τῷ κυρίῳ,
καὶ |
9
And Aaron shall bring forward the goat on which the lot for the Lord |
9
And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the LORD'S lot |
9 Then Aaron shall bring the goat for which the die turned up for Yahweh, and he shall make it a sin-offering, |
9וְהִקְרִיב אַהֲרֹן אֶת-הַשָּׂעִיר אֲשֶׁר עָלָה עָלָיו הַגּוֹרָל לַיהוָה וְעָשָׂהוּ חַטָּאת: |
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10
καὶ τὸν χίμαρον,
ἐφ᾿ ὃν ἐπῆλθεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν ὁ κλῆρος τοῦ ἀποπομπαίου,
στήσ |
10 and the goat upon which the lot of the scape-goat came, he shall present alive before the Lord, to make atonement upon him, so as to send him away as a scape-goat, and he shall send him into the wilderness. |
10 But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the LORD, to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness. |
10 and the goat for which the die turned up for the scapegoat shall be stationed alive before the face of Yahweh to make atonement by means of it by sending it as the scapegoat to the wilderness. |
10וְהַשָּׂעִיר אֲשֶׁר עָלָה עָלָיו הַגּוֹרָל לַעֲזָאזֵל יָעֳמַד[I]-חַי לִפְנֵי יְהוָה לְכַפֵּר עָלָיו לְשַׁלַּח אֹתוֹ לַעֲזָאזֵל הַמִּדְבָּרָה: |
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11 καὶ προσάξει Ααρων τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας X τὸν αὐτοῦ [καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ μόνον] καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ σφάξει τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸν αὐτοῦ. |
11
And Aaron shall bring the calf for X |
11 And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which is for himself: |
11 Then Aaron shall bring the young bull of the sin-offering which is for him and he shall make atonement with regard to himself and with regard to his household, he shall also slaughter the young bull for the sin-offering which is for himself. |
11וְהִקְרִיב אַהֲרֹן אֶת-פַּר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ וְשָׁחַט אֶת-פַּר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ: |
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12 καὶ λήμψεται τὸ πυρεῖον πλῆρες ἀνθράκων πυρὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τοῦ ἀπέναντι κυρίου καὶ πλήσει τὰς χεῖρας θυμιάματος συνθέσεως λεπτῆς καὶ εἰσοίσει ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος |
12 And he shall take [his] censer full of coals of fire off the altar, which is before the Lord; and he shall fill his hands with fine compound incense, and shall bring it within the veil. |
12
And he shall take |
12 Then he shall get the coal-shuttle full of coals of fire from off the altar from the presence of Yahweh with his hand-fulls of sweet incense powder and bring [it] inside of the veil, |
12וְלָקַח מְלֹא-הַמַּחְתָּה גַּחֲלֵי-אֵשׁ מֵעַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ מִלִּפְנֵי יְהוָה וּמְלֹא חָפְנָיו קְטֹרֶת סַמִּים דַּקָּה וְהֵבִיא מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת: |
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13 καὶ ἐπιθήσει τὸ θυμίαμα ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ ἔναντι κυρίου· καὶ καλύψει ἡ ἀτμὶς τοῦ θυμιάματος τὸ ἱλαστήριον τὸ ἐπὶ τῶν μαρτυρίων, καὶ οὐκ ἀποθανεῖται. |
13 And he shall put the incense on the fire before the Lord, and the smoke of the incense shall cover the mercy-seat over the tables of testimony, and he shall not die. |
13 And he shall put the incense upon the fire before the LORD, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he die not: |
13 and he shall put the incense upon the fire before the face of Yahweh, and the smoke of the incense will conceal the Atonement-cover which is over the Testimony so that he will not die. |
13וְנָתַן אֶת-הַקְּטֹרֶת עַל-הָאֵשׁ לִפְנֵי יְהוָה וְכִסָּה עֲנַן הַקְּטֹרֶת אֶת-הַכַּפֹּרֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל-הָעֵדוּת וְלֹא יָמוּת: |
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14 καὶ λήμψεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ μόσχου καὶ ῥανεῖ τῷ δακτύλῳ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον κατὰ ἀνατολάς· κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου ῥανεῖ ἑπτάκις ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τῷ δακτύλῳ. |
14 And he shall take of the blood of the calf, and sprinkle with his finger on the mercy-seat eastward: before the mercy-seat shall he sprinkle seven times of the blood with his finger. |
14 And he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times. |
14 Then he shall take some of the blood of the young bull and sprinkle [it] with his finger upon the surface of the atonement-cover. He shall sprinkle some of the blood seven times with his finger. |
14וְלָקַח מִדַּם הַפָּר וְהִזָּה בְאֶצְבָּעוֹ עַל-פְּנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת קֵדְמָה וְלִפְנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת יַזֶּה שֶׁבַע-פְּעָמִים מִן-הַדָּם בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ: |
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15 καὶ σφάξει τὸν χίμαρον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τὸν περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ [ἔναντι κυρίου] καὶ εἰσοίσει [ἀπὸ] τοῦ αἵματος αὐτοῦ ἐσώτερον τοῦ καταπετάσματος καὶ ποιήσει τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ὃν τρόπον ἐποίησεν τὸ αἷμα τοῦ μόσχου, καὶ ῥανεῖ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ἱλαστήριον κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου |
15 And he shall kill the goat for the sin-offering that is for the people, before the Lord; and he shall bring in of its blood within the veil, and shall do with its blood as he did with the blood of the calf, and shall sprinkle its blood on the mercy-seat, in front of the mercy-seat. |
15 Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat: |
15 Then he shall slaughter the goat of the sin-offering which is for the people, and he shall bring its blood to the inside of the curtain and do with its blood as he did with the blood of the bull, and he shall sprinkle it upon the atonement-cover and also in front of the atonement-cover. |
5 1וְשָׁחַט אֶת-שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר לָעָם וְהֵבִיא אֶת-דָּמוֹ אֶל-מִבֵּית לַפָּרֹכֶת וְעָשָׂה אֶת-דָּמוֹ כַּאֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה לְדַם הַפָּר וְהִזָּה אֹתוֹ עַל-הַכַּפֹּרֶת וְלִפְנֵי הַכַּפֹּרֶת: |
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16 καὶ ἐξιλάσεται τὸ ἅγιον ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκαθαρσιῶν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδικημάτων αὐτῶν περὶ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν· καὶ οὕτω ποιήσει τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου τῇ ἐκτισμένῃ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν μέσῳ τῆς ἀκαθαρσίας αὐτῶν. |
16
and he shall make atonement for the sanctuary on account of the uncleanness
of the children of |
16
And he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the
children of |
16
And so he shall make atonement over the sanctuary from the uncleannesses of
the children of |
61 וְכִפֶּר עַל-הַקֹּדֶשׁ מִטֻּמְאֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וּמִפִּשְׁעֵיהֶם לְכָל-חַטֹּאתָם וְכֵן יַעֲשֶׂה לְאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד הַשֹּׁכֵן אִתָּם בְּתוֹךְ טֻמְאֹתָם: |
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17 καὶ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος οὐκ ἔσται ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἐξιλάσασθαι ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ, ἕως ἂν ἐξέλθῃ· καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ πάσης συναγωγῆς [υἱῶν] Ισραηλ.
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17 and there shall be no man in the tabernacle of witness, when he goes in to make atonement in the holy place, until he shall have come out; and he shall make atonement for himself, and for his house, and for all the congregation of [the children of] Israel. |
17 And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregation when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy place, until he come out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel. |
17
Also there should not be any human being in the Tent of Meeting during his entrance
to make atonement in the sanctuary until his exit. So he shall make atonement
with regard to himself and with regard to his household and with regard to
all the congregation of |
71 וְכָל-אָדָם לֹא-יִהְיֶה בְּאֹהֶל מוֹעֵד בְּבֹאוֹ לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ עַד-צֵאתוֹ וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד בֵּיתוֹ וּבְעַד כָּל-קְהַל[J] יִשְׂרָאֵל: |
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18 καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον τὸ ὂν ἀπέναντι κυρίου καὶ ἐξιλάσεται ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ· καὶ λήμψεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ μόσχου καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ χιμάρου καὶ ἐπιθήσει ἐπὶ τὰ κέρατα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου κύκλῳ |
18 And he shall come forth to the altar that is before the Lord, and he shall make atonement upon it; and he shall take of the blood of the calf, and of the blood of the goat, and shall put it on the horns of the altar round about. |
18 And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the LORD, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bullock, and of the blood of the goat, and put it upon the horns of the altar round about. |
18 Then he shall go out to the altar which is before the face of Yahweh and he shall make atonement upon it. Now he shall get some of the blood of the young bull and some of the blood of the goat and apply [it] around on the horns of the altar, |
81 וְיָצָא אֶל-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ אֲשֶׁר לִפְנֵי-יְהוָה וְכִפֶּר עָלָיו וְלָקַח מִדַּם הַפָּר וּמִדַּם הַשָּׂעִיר וְנָתַן עַל-קַרְנוֹת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ סָבִיב: |
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19 καὶ ῥανεῖ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος τῷ δακτύλῳ ἑπτάκις καὶ καθαριεῖ αὐτὸ καὶ ἁγιάσει αὐτὸ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀκαθαρσιῶν τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ. |
19
And he shall sprinkle some of the blood upon it seven times with his finger,
and shall purge it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of |
19
And he shall sprinkle of the blood upon it with his finger seven times, and
cleanse it, and hallow it from the uncleanness of the children of |
19
and he shall sprinkle it from the blood with his finger seven times and
purify it and sanctify it from the uncleannesses of the children of |
91 [K]וְהִזָּה עָלָיו מִן-הַדָּם בְּאֶצְבָּעוֹ שֶׁבַע פְּעָמִים וְטִהֲרוֹ וְקִדְּשׁוֹ מִטֻּמְאֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: |
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20 καὶ συντελέσει ἐξιλασκόμενος τὸ ἅγιον καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον, [καὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερέων καθαριεῖ·] καὶ προσάξει τὸν χίμαρον τὸν ζῶντα. |
20 And he shall finish making atonement for the sanctuary and for the tabernacle of witness, and for the altar; [and he shall make a cleansing for the priests,] and he shall bring the living goat; |
20 And when he hath made an end of reconciling the holy place, and the tabernacle of the congregation, and the altar, he shall bring the live goat: |
20 As he finishes atoning for the sanctuary, and the Tent of Meeting, and the altar, then he shall bring the live goat, |
02 וְכִלָּה מִכַּפֵּר אֶת-הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאֶת-אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְאֶת-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ וְהִקְרִיב אֶת-הַשָּׂעִיר הֶחָי: |
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21 καὶ ἐπιθήσει Ααρων τὰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ χιμάρου τοῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐξαγορεύσει ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ πάσας τὰς ἀνομίας τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ πάσας τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν καὶ πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπιθήσει αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν τοῦ χιμάρου τοῦ ζῶντος καὶ ἐξαποστελεῖ ἐν χειρὶ ἀνθρώπου ἑτοίμου εἰς τὴν ἔρημον· |
21 and Aaron shall lay his hands on the head of the live goat, and he shall declare over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their unrighteousness, and all their sins; and he shall lay them upon the head of the live goat, and shall send him by the hand of a ready man into the wilderness. |
21 And Aaron shall lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat, and confess over him all the iniquities of the children of Israel, and all their transgressions in all their sins, putting them upon the head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit man into the wilderness: |
21 and Aaron shall lean both of his hands upon the head of the live goat, and he shall confess over it all the iniquities of the children of Israel and all their transgressions for all their sin, so he shall put them upon the head of the goat, and he shall send [it] toward the wilderness by the hand of a man with availability. |
12 וְסָמַךְ אַהֲרֹן אֶת-שְׁתֵּי[L] יָדוֹ עַל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׂעִיר הַחַי וְהִתְוַדָּה עָלָיו אֶת-כָּל-עֲוֹנֹת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת-כָּל-פִּשְׁעֵיהֶם לְכָל-חַטֹּאתָם וְנָתַן אֹתָם עַל-רֹאשׁ הַשָּׂעִיר וְשִׁלַּח בְּיַד-אִישׁ עִתִּי[M] הַמִּדְבָּרָה:[N] |
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22 καὶ λήμψεται ὁ χίμαρος ἐφ᾿ ἑαυτῷ τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν εἰς γῆν ἄβατον, καὶ ἐξαποστελεῖ τὸν χίμαρον εἰς τὴν ἔρημον. |
22 And the goat shall bear their unrighteousnesses upon him into a desert land; and Aaron shall send away the goat into the wilderness. |
22 And the goat shall bear upon him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited: and he shall let go the goat in the wilderness. |
22 Then the goat will carry upon it all their iniquities to a separate country, so he shall send the goat into the wilderness. |
22 וְנָשָׂא הַשָּׂעִיר עָלָיו אֶת-כָּל-עֲוֹנֹתָם אֶל-אֶרֶץ גְּזֵרָה וְשִׁלַּח אֶת-הַשָּׂעִיר בַּמִּדְבָּר: |
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23 καὶ εἰσελεύσεται Ααρων εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἐκδύσεται τὴν στολὴν τὴν λινῆν, ἣν ἐνεδεδύκει εἰσπορευομένου αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ ἅγιον, καὶ ἀποθήσει αὐτὴν ἐκεῖ.
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23 And Aaron shall enter into the tabernacle of witness, and shall put off the linen garment, which he had put on, as he entered into the holy place, and shall lay it by there. |
23 And Aaron shall come into the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the holy place, and shall leave them there: |
23 Then Aaron shall go into the Tent of Meeting and strip off the linen clothes which he wore during his entry to the sanctuary, and leave them there, |
32 וּבָא אַהֲרֹן אֶל-אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וּפָשַׁט אֶת-בִּגְדֵי הַבָּד אֲשֶׁר לָבַשׁ בְּבֹאוֹ[O] אֶל-הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְהִנִּיחָם שָׁם: |
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Brenton |
KJV |
NAW |
MT |
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24 καὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι ἐν τόπῳ ἁγίῳ καὶ ἐνδύσεται τὴν στολὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξελθὼν ποιήσει τὸ ὁλοκάρπωμα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ὁλοκάρπωμα τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ [καὶ περὶ τοῦ οἴκου αὐτοῦ] καὶ περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ [ὡς περὶ τῶν ἱερέων]. |
24 And he shall bathe his body in water in the holy place, and shall put on his raiment, and shall go out and offer the whole-burnt-offering for himself and the whole-burnt-offering for the people: and shall make atonement for himself [and for his house,] and for the people, [as for the priests]. |
24 And he shall wash his flesh with water in the holy place, and put on his garments, and come forth, and offer his burnt offering, and the burnt offering of the people, and make an atonement for himself, and for the people. |
24 and he shall bathe his body with water in a holy place and put on his clothes and then go out and make his whole-burnt-offering and the whole-burnt-offering of the people, and so make atonement with regard to himself and with regard to the people. |
42 וְרָחַץ אֶת-בְּשָׂרוֹ בַמַּיִם בְּמָקוֹם קָדוֹשׁ וְלָבַשׁ אֶת-בְּגָדָיו וְיָצָא[P] וְעָשָׂה אֶת-עֹלָתוֹ וְאֶת-עֹלַת הָעָם וְכִפֶּר בַּעֲדוֹ וּבְעַד הָעָם: |
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25 καὶ τὸ στέαρ τὸ περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἀνοίσει ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον. |
25 And he shall offer the fat for the sin-offering on the altar. |
25 And the fat of the sin offering shall he burn upon the altar. |
25 Also, he shall cause the fat of the sin-offering to go up in smoke on the altar. |
52 וְאֵת חֵלֶב הַחַטָּאת יַקְטִיר הַמִּזְבֵּחָה: |
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26 καὶ ὁ ἐξαποστέλλων τὸν χίμαρον τὸν διεσταλμένον [εἰς ἄφεσιν] πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν. |
26 And he that sends forth the goat that has been set apart [to be let go], shall wash his garments, and bathe his body in water, and afterwards shall enter into the camp. |
26 And he that let go the goat for the scapegoat shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and afterward come into the camp. |
26 Now, the man who sends out the goat as the scapegoat shall wash his clothes and bathe his body with water, and then afterwards he shall enter into the camp. |
62 וְהַמְשַׁלֵּחַ אֶת-הַשָּׂעִיר לַעֲזָאזֵל יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ אֶת-בְּשָׂרוֹ בַּמָּיִם וְאַחֲרֵי-כֵן יָבוֹא אֶל-הַמַּחֲנֶה: |
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27 καὶ τὸν μόσχον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας καὶ τὸν χίμαρον τὸν περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὧν τὸ αἷμα εἰσηνέχθη ἐξιλάσασθαι ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ, ἐξοίσουσιν αὐτὰ ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς καὶ κατακαύσουσιν αὐτὰ ἐν πυρί, καὶ τὰ δέρματα αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ κρέα αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν κόπρον αὐτῶν· |
27 And the calf for the sin-offering, and the goat for the sin-offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, they shall carry forth out of the camp, and burn them with fire, even their skins and their flesh and their dung. |
27 And the bullock for the sin offering, and the goat for the sin offering, whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the holy place, shall one carry forth without the camp; and they shall burn in the fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung. |
27 And, as for the young bull of the sin-offering (and the goat of the sin-offering whose blood was brought into the sanctuary to make atonement), it shall be taken outside of the camp, and they shall burn their hides - and their flesh and their dung - in the fire. |
72 וְאֵת פַּר הַחַטָּאת וְאֵת שְׂעִיר הַחַטָּאת אֲשֶׁר[Q] הוּבָא אֶת-דָּמָם לְכַפֵּר בַּקֹּדֶשׁ יוֹצִיא אֶל-מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה וְשָׂרְפוּ[R] בָאֵשׁ אֶת-עֹרֹתָם וְאֶת-בְּשָׂרָם וְאֶת-פִּרְשָׁם: |
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28 ὁ δὲ κατακαίων αὐτὰ πλυνεῖ τὰ ἱμάτια καὶ λούσεται τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὕδατι καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν. |
28 And he that burns them shall wash his garments, and bathe his body in water, and afterwards he shall enter into the camp. |
28 And he that burneth them shall wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in water, and X afterward he shall come into the camp. |
28 Then the man who burns them shall wash his clothes and bathe his body with water, and then afterwards he shall enter into the camp. |
82 וְהַשֹּׂרֵף אֹתָם יְכַבֵּס בְּגָדָיו וְרָחַץ אֶת-בְּשָׂרוֹ בַּמָּיִם וְאַחֲרֵי-כֵן יָבוֹא אֶל-הַמַּחֲנֶה: |
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29 Καὶ ἔσται [τοῦτο] ὑμῖν νόμιμον αἰώνιον· ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἑβδόμῳ δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς ταπεινώσατε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν καὶ πᾶν ἔργον οὐ ποιήσετε, ὁ αὐτόχθων καὶ ὁ προσήλυτος ὁ προσκείμενος ἐν ὑμῖν.
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29 And this shall be a perpetual statute for you; in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall humble your souls, and shall do no work, the native and the stranger who abides among you. |
29 And this shall be a statute for ever unto you: that in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, ye shall afflict your souls, and do no work at all, whether it be one of your own country, or a stranger that sojourneth among you: |
29 Now it shall be for a lasting statute for y’all during the seventh month during the tenth [day] of the month: you shall humble your souls[S] and not do any work – the native as well as the guest who is staying as a guest among y’all, |
92 וְהָיְתָה לָכֶם לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם בַּחֹדֶשׁ הַשְּׁבִיעִי בֶּעָשׂוֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ[T] תְּעַנּוּ אֶת-נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם וְכָל-מְלָאכָה לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ הָאֶזְרָח וְהַגֵּר הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם: |
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30 ἐν γὰρ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐξιλάσεται περὶ ὑμῶν καθαρίσαι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ὑμῶν ἔναντι κυρίου, καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε. |
30 For in this day he shall make an atonement for you, to cleanse you from all your sins before the Lord, and ye shall be purged. |
30 For on that day shall the priest make an atonement for you, to cleanse you, that ye may be clean from all your sins before the LORD. |
30 because during this day he will make atonement over y’all to purify you; y’all will be purified from all your sins before the face of Yahweh. |
30כִּי-בַיּוֹם הַזֶּה יְכַפֵּר[U] עֲלֵיכֶם לְטַהֵר אֶתְכֶם מִכֹּל חַטֹּאתֵיכֶם לִפְנֵי יְהוָה תִּטְהָרוּ: |
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31 σάββατα σαββάτων ἀνάπαυσις αὕτη ἔσται ὑμῖν, καὶ ταπεινώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν, νόμιμον αἰώνιον. |
31 This shall be to you a most holy sabbath, a rest, and ye shall humble your souls; it is a perpetual ordinance. |
31 It shall be a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye shall afflict your souls, by a statute for ever. |
31 It is a Sabbath rest for y’all, so you must humble your souls; it is a lasting statute. |
31שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן הִיא[V] לָכֶם וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת-נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם חֻקַּת עוֹלָם: |
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32
ἐξιλάσεται ὁ ἱερεύς,
ὃν
ἂν χρίσ |
32
The priest whomsoever |
32 And the priest, whom he shall anoint, and whom he shall consecrate to minister in the priest's office in his father's stead, shall make the atonement, and shall put on the linen clothes, even the holy garments: |
32 Also, the priest whom he shall anoint and whom he shall ordain to be priest instead of his father shall make atonement, and he shall wear his linen clothes – the clothes of holiness, |
23 וְכִפֶּר[W] הַכֹּהֵן אֲשֶׁר-יִמְשַׁח[X] אֹתוֹ וַאֲשֶׁר יְמַלֵּא אֶת-יָדוֹ לְכַהֵן תַּחַת אָבִיו וְלָבַשׁ אֶת-בִּגְדֵי הַבָּד בִּגְדֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ: |
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33 καὶ ἐξιλάσεται τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ ἁγίου καὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον ἐξιλάσεται καὶ περὶ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ περὶ πάσης συναγωγῆς ἐξιλάσεται. |
33 And he shall make atonement for the most holy place, and the tabernacle of witness; and he shall make atonement for the altar, and for the priests; and he shall make atonement for all the congregation. |
33 And he shall make an atonement for the holy sanctuary, and he shall make an atonement for the tabernacle of the congregation, and for the altar, and he shall make an atonement for the priests, and for all the people of the congregation. |
33
and he shall make atonement for the |
33 וְכִפֶּר אֶת-מִקְדַּשׁ הַקֹּדֶשׁ וְאֶת-אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד וְאֶת-הַמִּזְבֵּחַ יְכַפֵּר וְעַל[Y] הַכֹּהֲנִים וְעַל-כָּל-עַם הַקָּהָל יְכַפֵּר: |
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καὶ ἔσται τοῦτο ὑμῖν νόμιμον αἰώνιον ἐξιλάσκεσθαι περὶ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν ἅπαξ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ποιη |
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And this shall be to you a perpetual statute to make atonement for the
children of |
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And this shall be an everlasting statute unto you, to make an
atonement for the children of |
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So this shall belong to y’all as a lasting statute to make atonement over the
children of |
4 3וְהָיְתָה-זֹּאת לָכֶם לְחֻקַּת עוֹלָם לְכַפֵּר עַל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִכָּל-חַטֹּאתָם אַחַת בַּשָּׁנָה וַיַּעַשׂ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֶת-מֹשֶׁה: |
[1] Thomas Newberry suggested that the incense represented Christ Himself.
[2] Henry went on to postulate reasons that the prescribed animal was a goat: it’s offensive odor which could represent our sin, or the association of goats with demons and therefore the goats were killed or sent away. I don’t think I buy these explanations. Later he says, “the slain goat was a type of Christ dying for our sins, the scape-goat a type of Christ rising again for our justification,” and I think that’s more in-line. Wenham mentions the Epistleof Barnabas seeing in the scapegoat a type of Christ.
[A] LXX, Syriac, and Targums fill out the story by mentioning that they “offered strange fire.” The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP), however, matches the MT for terseness. There is no known DSS of this verse.
[B] Piel Imperative ms
[C] Propitiatory (Brenton), mercy seat (KJV), atonement cover (NIV).
[D] Niphal Imperfect
[E] The SP, LXX and Syriac all add an “and,” but DSS (11Q1) matches the MT without the “and.”
[F] Isaiah 22:18 is the only other occurrence of this word in the Hebrew Old Testament. It pictures winding the cloth of the turban around the head as essential to putting it on.
[G] SP and LXX add “all,” but DSS (11Q1) spacing supports the shorter reading of the MT.
[H] This word is found in no other chapter of the Bible. K&D follow a fantastical explanation from a minority of Jewish rabbis (Eliazar, Nachminides) that this is another name for Satan.
[I] Hophal Imperfect.
[J] LXX and Syriac add “the sons of” before “
[K] The Cairo Geniza omits this verse altogether - and also omits the “mercy seat” in v.2, the “bull” in v.11, and the name of Aaron in v.21, and another phrase in v.27. Seems pretty clear that it was an deficient copy.
[L] Curiously, DSS 4Q23 spells this word שני instead of שתי, but the number “two” can be spelled either way in Hebrew, so not a variant in meaning. Apparently the Hebrew idiom here for “both hands” did not require the word “hand” to be plural, but that bothered some scribes enough that the Qere reads “hands” (plural instead of the original singular).
[M] hapex legomenon
[N] I interpret the final ה- here and in the previous and later (v.25) occurrence as a directional he – “in the direction of the wilderness/altar.”
[O] If my source is correct, then DSS 4Q23 omits the pronoun on the end of this word. It would not make a difference in meaning seeing as the word clearly refers to only one possible person’s entrance.
[P] The phrase “and he shall put on his clothes and go outside” is missing in DSS (4Q23), but it’s in the LXX.
[Q]
[R] LXX and DSS spacing supports plural of MT over against the singular reading of the SP “he shall burn.”
[S] This humbling/denying/afflicting themselves was done
practically by fasting (Psalm 35:13, Isa. 58:3-5). This fast was a unique
feature among the annual holidays of
[T] Matthew Henry suggested that this day was the day of
the year that Adam and Eve sinned and the day on which Christ was baptized by
John before being led into the desert by the Spirit. Lightheart suggested that
it was the day Moses came down from
[U] Piel Imperfect, which would be active “he shall make atonement,” but the LXX translates with a Future Middle voice which Brenton translates in an active voice, and other versions like the Syriac and Vulgate (followed by the NASB and NIV) appear to translate it passive, as though it were a Hebrew Pual instead of Piel.
[V]
[W] SP and LXX omit the “and” at the beginning of the MT (DSS 4Q25 appears too obscure at this point to support either side of the debate.) It is only a difference of whether or not the first pen-stroke in the word goes halfway down or all the way down, so orthographically it is not a major difference, and semantically it makes no real difference in meaning.
[X] LXX pluralizes this and the next verb, but DSS (4Q25) letter spacing supports the singular of the MT.
[Y] SP omits the “and” but the LXX and the DSS letter spacing support it.
[Z] Aaron, see v.2 (Soncino, K&D)