Psalm 37:1-7 “Fret Not”
Translation & Sermon By
Nate Wilson for Christ the Redeemer Church, Manhattan, KS, 22 Apr 2018
INTRO:
- Psalm 37 is the second alphabet acrostic in the psalter.
This one introduces each successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet every
two verses, whereas Psalm 34 only had only one verse per letter. My
translation will try to make an acrostic with the letters of the English
alphabet in the same way.
- This psalm is about trusting God when bad guys are doing
well and good guys are having a hard time.
- David knows something about this. History records that he
went through worse injustices than any of us have faced – remember what he
went through with Saul, Nabal, Absalom, Ahithophel, the Philistines, and
others. David had to wrestle with this personally for much of his life, so
he is in a good position to teach us how to cope with it when evil goes
unpunished for a time.
- Furthermore, David does us the service of approaching this
at a personal level rather than at the level of national justice.
- David was probably king when he wrote this psalm – it was
probably written later in his life, so he could have approached the
problem of evil from a civil standpoint. “Kill all the bad guys. Put them
to death with the sword. Or at least make them pay restitution for
cheating and defrauding. Don’t let them continue to oppress the poor and
righteous.”
- That would be good advice because that’s what God wants
civil leaders to do is punish evil, but if David had taken that approach,
it would have limited the usefulness of this psalm, because most of us do
not have the authority put that kind of advice into action.
- Rather, what David provides for us under the inspiration
of the Holy Spirit is advice to the common person who doesn’t have the
authority to punish bad guys and is struggling with the presence of evil
that hasn’t been punished yet.
- You may be a child and your brother or sister keeps
doing wrong things and getting away with it.
- You may be an employee watching your boss doing
unethical things and not getting caught.
- Or maybe it’s neighbors that you’re pretty sure are
involved in activity that is morally wrong or even illegal, and there
they are year after year.
- I even struggle with it on the highway when I see people
flagrantly breaking traffic laws and causing danger to me but there’s no
police around to catch them.
- If I can’t punish them, what can I do with these
feelings of indignation over things not being right?
- Psalm 37 says, “Don’t get your knickers in a knot – don’t
fret.” It commands this three times in the first 8 verses. And it gives us
a dozen other commands with reasoning behind them. Let’s look at them:
v.1 About evil men don’t heat
yourself up; don’t be jealous about those who commit injustice, v.2 because, quick as grass, they will
wither, and like sprouts of greenery they will wilt.
- The reflexive Hitpael spelling of the first verb indicates
doing something to yourself. Mulling over and over in your mind the
injustice and causing bitterness to grow and grow over it.
- The root of the verb charah has to do with
burning, and it is commonly used in Hebrew to describe someone who is
angry.
- It is the word that is used in Genesis 4:5 to describe
Cain getting himself worked up over God’s acceptance of his brother Abel.
He stewed over it in his mind, dwelling over and over on his frustration
about it, heating his anger hotter and hotter until he wanted to murder
his brother.
- Psalm 37 warns us against that. Don’t fret, don’t heat
yourself up over bad people.
- David should know. We have the story of when Nabal
insulted him and David flew off the handle. He said, “Every man strap on
your sword… Surely in vain I have protected all that
this fellow has in the wilderness, so that nothing was missed of
all that belongs to him. And he has repaid me evil for good. May
God do so, and more also, to the enemies of David, if I leave one male of
all who belong to him by morning light.” (1
Samuel 25:21-22, NKJV) Thankfully,
Abigaal talked him down, and God struck Nabal dead the next day without
David having to do a thing. If David had waited just one day, he wouldn’t
have wasted all that emotional energy.
- The second verb qanah [תְּקַנֵּא] connotes an attraction that motivates
you to action
- Psalm 73:3-13 For I was envious
of the boastful, When I saw the prosperity of the wicked. For there
are no pangs in their death, But their strength is firm. They are
not in trouble as other men, Nor are they plagued like other
men. Therefore pride serves as their necklace; Violence covers them like
a garment. Their eyes bulge with abundance; They have more than heart
could wish. They scoff and speak wickedly concerning oppression;
They speak loftily. They set their mouth against the heavens, And their
tongue walks through the earth… Behold, these are the ungodly, Who
are always at ease; They increase in riches. Surely I have
cleansed my heart in vain…” (NKJV)
- Proverbs 23:17-18 “Do not let your heart envy sinners, But be zealous for
the fear of the LORD all the day; For surely there is a hereafter, And
your hope will not be cut off.” (NKJV)
- Proverbs 24:19-20 “Do not fret because of
evildoers, Nor be envious of the wicked; For there will be no
prospect for the evil man; The lamp of the wicked will be put out.” (NKJV)
- What does it mean to work iniquity/do wrong/commit
injustice [עולה] ?
- Leviticus 19 brought out two areas where this
injustice/unfairness often take place: one in criminal justice, and the
other in business trade: v.15 ‘Y’all may not do what is unfair in the
justice-system. You may not tilt the cases of the needy, and you may not
inflate the cases of the great; it is with righteousness that you must
judge your fellow-man… 35 Y’all may not do what is unfair in justice with
the measurement of size, with the measurement of weight, or with the
measurement of volume.
- The reason for this command not to envy or get upset is
given in v.2
·
Its
imagery of grass connected with common people in David’s kingdom, many of whom
made their living through raising sheep and goats, and it connected back to
David’s own boyhood. Gerald Wilson explained in the NIV Application commentary
that in Judea, “With the onset of the early spring rains, the arid hills spring
quickly into a lush green covering of grass. Almost as quickly, however, the
heat of late spring and summer parch this fodder into a brittle brown. The
wicked ought not cause undue concern because their prosperity is just as
tenuous as the spring grass that is ‘here today, gone tomorrow.’”
·
Now,
for most of us, it doesn’t happen quick enough, but a sober analysis of history
shows that if you look at developments by decades instead of by days or weeks,
this trend generally holds true.
o When I was in college, we knew
there was an abortion clinic in Chattanooga, systematically killing babies for
money. We prayed and picketed and winced as police beat our friends with clubs
- when they weren’t even breaking the law – just to intimidate us into stopping
the protests. It didn’t look like justice would be done. Little did we know
that within five years, the owner of the clinic would come down with terminal
cancer and sell the clinic to a pro-life women’s clinic!
o Here in Kansas, how many years did
we have to wait while George Tiller killed babies by the thousands and bribed
Kansas officials to get away with it? I heard he was assassinated while trying
to take communion at his church. It would have been better to see justice done
properly by the state, but God’s justice was poetic for such a notorious murderer
to be killed by another murderer.
·
God
states throughout scripture in no uncertain terms that He is in control of
these events:
o Job 24:22-24 "But God
draws the mighty away with His power; He rises up, but no man is sure of
life. 23 He gives them security, and they rely on it; Yet
His eyes are on their ways. 24 They are exalted for a little
while, Then they are gone. They are brought low; They are taken out of the way
like all others; They dry out [מלל]
like the heads of grain. (NASB)
o Psalm 90:3-6 You turn man to
destruction, And say, "Return, O children of men." ... In the
morning they are like grass which grows up: In the morning it flourishes
and grows up; In the evening it is cut down and withers [מלל].
(NKJV)
- Isaiah 40:6b-8 “…All flesh is grass, and all its beauty
is like a flower of the field. Grass withers [מלל]
and a flower fades, when a breath of Jehovah blows in it – surely the
people are grass. Grass withers and a flower fades, but a word of
our God will stand forever.” (NAW)
- In v.8 of Psalm 37 we see a synonymous phrase “evil men
will be cut off [יִכָּרֵתוּ]”
- But the flip side is that God is also in control of
taking care of His people:
- Psalm 1:3 He will be like a tree planted by the rivers of
water, who puts out his fruit in its season, his leaf does not
wilt [נבל]; and all which he does prospers.” (NAW)
- Jesus said, "I am the vine, you are
the branches. He who abides in Me, and I in him, bears much fruit; for
without Me you can do nothing. If anyone does not abide in Me, he is cast
out as a branch and is withered; and they gather them and throw them
into the fire, and they are burned.” (John
15:5-6, NKJV)
o James 1:9-12 “But the brother of
humble circumstances is to glory in his high position; and the rich man is
to glory in his humiliation, because like flowering grass he will pass
away. For the sun rises with a scorching wind and withers the grass; and its
flower falls off and the beauty of its appearance is destroyed; so too the rich
man in the midst of his pursuits will fade away. Blessed is a man who
perseveres under trial; for once he has been approved, he will receive the
crown of life which the Lord has promised to those who love Him.” (NASB)
·
So
don’t get worked up over wrongdoers, and don’t envy their prosperity because it
will not be long before God brings justice to bear and takes them down.
o “Child of the Eternal Father, Bride
of the Eternal Son,
Dwelling-place of God the Spirit, Thus with Christ made ever one...
Granted all my heart’s desire, All things made my own;
Feared by all the powers of evil, Fearing God alone;
Walking with the Lord in glory Through the courts divine,
Queen within the royal palace, Christ for ever mine;
Say, poor worldling, can it be, That my heart should envy thee?” ~Unknown
o Remember also that it is the
patience of God in allowing evil to exist for a little while that keeps the
human race from being immediately wiped off the face of the earth. It is the
patience of God that gave Him time to save you when you were perishing in your
sin, and it is the patience of God that will bring about the salvation of more
sinners. “The Lord is not slack concerning His promise, as some count
slackness, but is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish
but that all should come to repentance.” (2 Peter 3:9, NKJV) So, the next time
you see a wrongdoer get away with something, make that an opportunity to pray
for God to rescue them!
Now, after two negative commands, David fires off ten
positive commands in the next six verses!
v.3 Believe Yahweh and do
what is good. Settle down on the land and associate with
faithfulness, v.4 and delight
yourself in Yahweh, then He will give to you the things your heart asks for.
1. The first of the positive commands is בְּטַח “trust/believe in” Yahweh/the LORD.
·
In Psalm 21, God’s word said, “7 Because the
king is trusting in Yahweh and in the lovingkindness of the Most High,
he will in no way be overthrown. 8 Your hand will find all Your enemies; Your
right hand will find those who hate You. 9 You will position them as [in] a
furnace of fire at Your time of appearance. In His anger Yahweh will swallow
them up, and fire will devour them. 10 You will destroy their fruit from the
earth and their seed from the sons of Adam.” (NAW).
·
Do you believe God’s word is true that , as
the judge of all the earth, He will do what’s right? Trust Him.
·
Do you also see that trusting him (or
“believing” on Him – same word) is the difference between being righteous and
unrighteous?
o
“Abraham believed and it was counted to him
as righteousness” (Rom. 4).
o
“Believe on the name of the Lord Jesus Christ
and you shall be saved – you and your household.” (Acts 16:31)
o
“He who does not believe will be condemned.”
(Mark 16:16)
2. The second command is to “do good” [עֲשֵׂה
טוֹב]
·
Does this mean to just ape the latest social
media do-good fad? No, these words have a very specific context. This is a
quote of Deuteronomy 6:18 and 12:28, in which Moses summed up obeying the laws
which God had revealed to him with the command: “do good.”
·
Deuteronomy 6:17-18 “You shall diligently
keep the commandments of the LORD your God, His testimonies, and His statutes
which He has commanded you. And you shall do what is right and good in
the sight of the LORD, that it may be well with you, and that you may go in and
possess the good land of which the LORD swore to your fathers” (NKJV)
·
Now, many of the popular do-good projects are
things that God calls “good” in the law, such as helping the poor and needy,
but let us be careful that what we do is derived from what God has told
us in the Bible rather than being controlled by the whims of popular opinion.
·
When it looks like evil is not going to get
punished, keep trusting and obeying God!
3.
The third command is to settle down in the
land [שְׁכָן
אֶרֶץ]
- I found a transcript of a sermon on this psalm by Frank
Barker, the pastor under whom I grew up, and I was intrigued with the
point he made on this, based on his reading of J.A. Alexander’s
commentary: “‘The land is the land of promise… which is often used as a
comprehensive expression for all the covenantal blessings of the chosen
people.’ God gave them the Promised Land there. And that land pictures
heaven, in one sense. So, we are out of Egypt and we’re on our way to the
Promised Land. But in another sense, it pictures all that we have in
Christ, right now. You remember, they had to possess their possessions.
God said, ‘I have given you every bit of this land. Every place you set
the sole of your feet upon, that I have given to you.’ But, wait a
minute! There were high-walled cities… in the land, and where I wanted to
put the sole of my foot there was a giant standing! That’s the way it is
in the Christian life… there are giants out there who don’t want you to
advance in the Christian life: the world, the flesh, and the devil. And
it’s a battle. But you’ve been promised tremendous blessings… answered
prayer… ‘ask and it shall be given you…’ guidance… the promise of power
over sin… ‘sin shall not have dominion over you…’ financial… ‘seek ye
first the kingdom of God and all these things shall be added unto you.’
Promise after promise, but I’ve got to possess them… ‘dwell in the land.’
Go ahead, and in the power of God claim these promises. Step out on them.
Tackle these obstacles, and you’ll find God coming through.”
- When evil is on the rise, don’t get unsettled; dig in for
the long haul.
4.
The fourth command רְעֵה
אֱמוּנָה is translated a few different ways:
- KJV (following the Septuagint) “verily thou shalt be fed,”
- NASB=cultivate faithfulness (which is better because it is
an active command in Hebrew, not a passive promise like the KJV framed it),
- The NIV=enjoy safe pasture, and the NKJV=feed on
faithfulness, make it more literal than the NASB,
- and the ESV=befriend faithfulness, takes it in different
direction, but one I like, which was also recommended by the classic
Hebrew lexicographers Brown, Driver, and Briggs a hundred years ago (although
more modern lexicographers like Holladay and White (TWOT) landed in favor
of the “feeding/pasturing/shepherding” meaning).
- I won’t get into the details of that lexicographical
dispute, but I will note that all the standard English versions
translated the word אֱמוּנָה as “faithfulness” in both of the
previous occurrences of this word in the book of Psalms (except KJV
rendered it “truth” in Psalm 33:4), so I think “faithfulness” is the way
to go.
- But each of the different translations fit well within the
body of Biblical doctrine, for instance:
- Has God promised to “feed” us? How about Matthew 6:31ff
“…don’t start caring [too much], saying, ‘What might we eat,’ or
‘What might we drink?’ or ‘What might we wrap up in?’ for all these
things are what the nations are eagerly seeking, and your heavenly Father
sees that you are in need of every one of these. But continue seeking
first the kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all these things will
be added onto you.” (NAW) Sure, that’s scriptural.
- Does the Bible speak elsewhere about “cultivating
faithfulness”? Psalm 89:1 “I will sing of the mercies of the LORD
forever; With my mouth will I make known Your faithfulness to all
generations.” (NKJV) Yes, praise and worship and telling your children
about God is cultivating faithfulness.
- Does the Bible tell us to “feed on [God’s] faithfulness”?
How about Psalm 119:30-31 “I have chosen the way of truth[faithfulness];
Your judgments I have laid before me. I cling to Your testimonies; O LORD…”
(NKJV) Absolutely! That’s talking about reading the Bible.
- And does the Bible speak of “associating with faith”? How
about Habakkuk 2:4 “…the righteous will live by faithfulness”? The New
Testament tells us that is about trusting Jesus to make you right with
God. And then Jesus said, “You are My friends if you do whatever I
command you.” (John 15:14, NKJV)
- In Hebrew, verse 4 starts with an “and” and gives us a
fifth positive command:
5. The fifth command is in v4: delight yourself [הִתְעַנַּג] in the Lord
- Job 22:21-27 "Now acquaint yourself with Him, and be
at peace; Thereby good will come to you. Receive, please, instruction from
His mouth, And lay up His words in your heart… For then you will have
your delight in the Almighty, And lift up your face to God. You will
make your prayer to Him, He will hear you...” (NKJV)
- Isaiah 58:13 “If, on the Sabbath, you make your foot turn
away from doing your pleasure during my holy day and you call the Sabbath
“a delight,” Jehovah’s holy thing “honorable” and you honor it instead of
making your ways – instead of finding your pleasure, and He will speak a
word, 14. Then you will indulge yourself over Jehovah, and I will
make you ride upon the high places of earth and I will cause you to eat of
the heritage of Jacob your father...” (NAW)
- This is covenantal language. Isaiah 58 is quoting from the
covenant blessings of Deuteronomy.
Verse 4 closes with a “then” clause that wraps up verses 3-4.
If you trust God, do good, settle down in the land, associate with
faithfulness, and delight yourself in the Lord, then He will grant
what you ask for.
- The word which most English translations render “desires” [מִשְׁאֲלֹת] only occurs in one other place in the
Bible, and that’s Psalm 20, verse 5, where every English version rendered
it “petition/request,” because the root is the verb sha’al, which
means “to ask.”
- Psalm 20:4-6 reads: “He will give to you along [the lines
of what is on] your heart, and every plan of yours He will fulfill. We
will sing out with your salvation… Yahweh will fulfill all of your requests.
Now I know that Yahweh causes to save His anointed one; He will answer him
from the heavens of His holiness with the saving mightinesses of His right
hand.” (NAW)
- Again, there is a context to what is promised here.
- It is not saying that God is like some cosmic Uncle who
will give you whatever you want if you butter Him up first.
- It’s not saying that if you are devout enough and you
also desire to have a vacation cabin on the beach that you’ll get it.
I’ve seen God provide free vacation cabins my family in the past, but
that’s not what David is talking about here.
- The context is that you need to be saved from evil men
and from evil, so you ask God to save you, and He will answer that
request. It is part of the trusting, obeying, living out faith on the
ground, and taking delight in Him.
- We see it in the New Testament too: “For
whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.” (Romans 10:13, Joel 2:32, KJV)
Will be saved (future tense), no question about it, that request will be
granted.
v.5 Commit your way to
Yahweh and believe on him, so it is He who will operate, v6
and He will bring forth your righteousness like the
daylight and your justice like the noonday.
6. Commit your way to the LORD – literally “roll [גּוֹל] your way onto” Him.
- That verb is used throughout the Bible to describe moving
something weighty from one location to another – usually a large stone,
but it could also be the transfer of the weight of responsibility or blame
from one person to another.
- When God renewed his covenant with the people of Israel
after their 40 years of wandering in the dessert, the LORD said to Joshua,
“This day I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you.” (Joshua
5:9, NKJV)
- Through covenantal actions, God transferred the burden of
sin and shame off His people in anticipation of that signal day when all
those sins would be rolled onto Jesus as He died on the cross and He would
judicially take away their sin and shame, as Isaiah prophecied: “Surely
our griefs He Himself carried, and our sorrows, He bore them… Chastisement
for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes there is healing for us.
All we like the flock have strayed, each has faced toward his own way But
Jehovah interposed in Him the iniquity of us all.” (Isa. 53:4-6, NAW)
- Psalm 22:8 “Roll yourself to Yahweh! He will
deliver him; He will cause him to escape because He has delighted in him”
(NAW)
- This reminds me of 1 Peter 5, which was written in a
different language, but says a similar thing: “‘God arrays Himself against
proud men, but to humble men He gives grace.’ Therefore let yourselves be
humbled under the mighty hand of God, in order that He may exalt y’all in
[His] appointed time, y’all having pitched your every anxiety upon Him,
because it matters to Him...” (vs. 5-7, NAW)
7. This rolling ourselves onto Jesus, pitching our anxieties onto
Him, committing ourselves to Him is related to trust, which is the seventh
imperative in this Psalm, and a repeat of the first imperative in the Psalm,
so we will move on, but note that the repeated command to trust (as well as the
prohibition against fretting three times in the first 8 verses) emphasize the
main point of this section and the main thing to obey!
- V.6 wraps up the commands of v.5
by giving the consequence of committing our way to Jesus and trusting Him:
“He will bring forth your righteousness like the daylight and your justice
like the noonday.”
- This is the wording of covenantal blessings, the opposite
of the curse against those who disobey God in Deuteronomy 28:29 “And you
shall grope at noonday, as a blind man gropes in darkness; you
shall not prosper in your ways; you shall be only oppressed and plundered
continually, and no one shall save you.” (NKJV, cf. Job 5:14, and Isa
59:10)
- It is stated positively in Isaiah 58:8-11 “Then your light
will break forth like the dawn and your restoration will spring up
speedily, and your righteousness will proceed before your face; the glory
of Jehovah will be your sweep. Then you will call and Jehovah will answer…
If you will turn away from your midst the yokes, the thrusting of the
finger and the speaking of iniquity, and you will give out your soul for
the hungry and satisfy the soul of the poor, and your light will rise in
the darkness and your gloom will be like the noon, and Jehovah will
guide you continually and will satisfy your soul in scorched places and
fortify your bones, and you will be like a watered garden and the spring
of water whose waters do not disappoint…” (NAW)
- The flow of thought is that if you roll your sin and the
work of salvation onto God and trust Him to do that work of justifying you
and executing justice against the wicked, waiting on Him to do it, then He
will bring His righteousness and His justice to light as plainly as you
see things in the light of high noon, and shadows disappear.
- “The error against which we are here warned is reliance on
our own strength or wisdom. The encouragement here given to renounce all
self-confidence and to look to God alone, is that he will graciously
undertake our case, bear our burdens, and accomplish for us that which we
could never bring to pass. David had a beautiful illustration of the truth
here urged, in his coming into full and peaceable possession of the
throne.” ~William Plumer, Studies in the Book of Psalms
Conclusion
- Well, that’s all we have time for today, but this starts
us into a response to injustice:
- Don’t fret and heat yourself up
- Don’t be jealous
- Believe on the LORD
- Do what is good.
- Settle down on the land
- Associate with faithfulness,
- Delight yourself in the LORD
- Commit your way to the LORD
- And He will not only answer your request for salvation; He
will bring forth your righteousness like the daylight and your justice
like the noonday!
Psalm 37:1-11[A]
Septuagint
(Psalm 35)
|
Brenton’s translation of LXX
|
Douay-Rheims Vulgate
|
King James Authorized Version
|
Nathan A Wilson’s
Version
|
Masoretic Text
|
1 Τοῦ Δαυιδ. Μὴ παραζήλου[B] ἐν πονηρευομένοις μηδὲ ζήλου τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὴν ἀνομίαν·
|
1 A Psalm of
David. Fret not thyself because of evil-doers,
neither be envious of them that do iniquity.
|
1 Be not emulous of evildoers; nor envy them that work
iniquity.
|
1 A Psalm of David. Fret not thyself because of evildoers, neither be
thou envious against the workers of iniquity.
|
1 By David.
About evil men don’t heat
yourself up; don’t be jealous about those who commit injustice,
|
א לְדָוִד
אַל תִּתְחַר
בַּמְּרֵעִים
אַל תְּקַנֵּא
בְּעֹשֵׂי
עַוְלָה.
|
2 ὅτι ὡσεὶ
χόρτος ταχὺ ἀποξηρανθήσονται καὶ ὡσεὶ λάχανα χλόης [ταχὺ] ἀποπεσοῦνται.
|
2 For they shall soon be withered as the grass, and shall [soon] fall away as
the green herbs.
|
2 For they shall shortly wither away as grass, and as the green herbs
shall [quickly] fall.
|
2 For they shall soon be cut down[C] like the grass, and wither as the green herb.
|
2 because, quick as grass,
they will wither, and like sprouts of greenery they will wilt.
|
ב כִּי
כֶחָצִיר מְהֵרָה יִמָּלוּ וּכְיֶרֶק
דֶּשֶׁא
יִבּוֹלוּן.
|
3 ἔλπισον ἐπὶ κύριον καὶ ποίει χρηστότητα [καὶ] κατασκήνου τὴν γῆν, καὶ ποιμανθήσῃ[D] [ἐπὶ] τῷ πλούτῳ [αὐτῆς]·
|
3 Hope in the
Lord, and do good; [and] dwell on the land, and thou
shalt be fed [with] the wealth [of it].
|
3 Trust in the
Lord, and do good, [and] dwell in the land, and thou
shalt be fed [with its] riches.
|
3 Trust in the
LORD, and do good; so shalt thou
dwell in the land, and verily thou shalt be
fed[E].
|
3 Believe
Yahweh and do what is good. Settle down on the land and associate with faithfulness,
|
ג בְּטַח בַּיהוָה
וַעֲשֵׂה
טוֹב שְׁכָן
אֶרֶץ וּרְעֵה
אֱמוּנָה.
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4 κατατρύφησον X τοῦ κυρίου, καὶ δώσει σοι τὰ αἰτήματα τῆς καρδίας σου.
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4 Delight thyself
X in the Lord; and he shall grant thee the requests of thine heart.
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4 Delight X in
the Lord, and he will give thee the requests of thy heart.
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4 Delight thyself
also in the LORD; and he shall give thee the desires of thine heart.
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4 and delight
yourself over Yahweh. Then He will give to you the things your heart asks
for.
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ד וְהִתְעַנַּג
עַל יְהוָה
וְיִתֶּן
לְךָ מִשְׁאֲלֹת
לִבֶּךָ.
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5 ἀποκάλυψον[F] πρὸς κύριον τὴν ὁδόν σου καὶ ἔλπισον ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν, καὶ αὐτὸς ποιήσει
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5 Disclose thy
way to the Lord, and hope in him; and he shall bring [it] to pass.
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5 Commit thy way
to the Lord, and trust in him, and he will do [it].
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5 Commit thy way
unto the LORD; trust also in him; and he shall bring it to pass[G].
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5 Commit your
way to Yahweh and believe on him, so it is He who will operate,
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ה גּוֹל [H]עַל
יְהוָה
דַּרְכֶּךָ
וּבְטַח
עָלָיו
וְהוּא יַעֲשֶׂה.
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6 καὶ ἐξοίσει ὡς φῶς τὴν δικαιοσύνην σου καὶ τὸ κρίμα σου ὡς μεσημβρίαν.
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6 And he shall
bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noon-day.
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6 And he will
bring forth thy justice as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday.
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6 And he shall
bring forth thy righteousness as the light, and thy judgment as the noonday.
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6 and He will
bring forth your righteousness like the daylight and your justice like the
noonday.
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ו וְהוֹצִיא
כָאוֹר
צִדְקֶךָ
וּמִשְׁפָּטֶךָ
כַּצָּהֳרָיִם.
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7 ὑποτάγηθι[I] τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἱκέτευσον[J] αὐτόν· μὴ παραζήλου ἐν τῷ κατευοδουμένῳ [ἐν] τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ, ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ ποιοῦντι παρανομίας
.
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7 Submit thyself
to the Lord, and supplicate him: fret not
thyself because of him that prospers [in] his way, at the man that does
unlawful deeds.
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7 Be subject to the Lord and pray to him. Envy not the man who prospereth [in] his way; the
man who doth unjust things.
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7 Rest in the LORD, and wait patiently for him: fret not thyself because of him who prospereth [in]
his way, because of the man who bringeth wicked devices[K]
to pass.
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7 Don’t heat yourself up when
a man is operating wicked schemes, when his way is making progress; keep cool before Yahweh and labor on for Him.
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ז דּוֹם
לַיהוָה
וְהִתְחוֹלֵל
לוֹ אַל תִּתְחַר
בְּמַצְלִיחַ
דַּרְכּוֹ
בְּאִישׁ
עֹשֶׂה מְזִמּוֹת.
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8 παῦσαι ἀπὸ ὀργῆς καὶ ἐγκατάλιπε θυμόν, μὴ παραζήλου ὥστε πονηρεύεσθαι·
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8 ease from
anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself so as to do evil.
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8 Cease from
anger, and leave rage; have no emulation X to do evil.
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8 Cease from
anger, and forsake wrath: fret not thyself in any wise[L] to do evil.
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8 Ease off of anger
and forsake fury; don’t heat yourself up only to cause harm,
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ח הֶרֶף
מֵאַף
וַעֲזֹב
חֵמָה אַל תִּתְחַר
אַךְ
לְהָרֵעַ.
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9 ὅτι οἱ πονηρευόμενοι ἐξολεθρευθήσονται,
οἱ δὲ ὑπομένοντες τὸν κύριον αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσιν γῆν.
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9 For evil-doers
shall be destroyed: but they that wait on the Lord, they shall inherit the
land.
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9 For evildoers
shall be cut off: but they that wait upon the Lord, they shall inherit the
land.
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9 For evildoers
shall be cut off: but those that wait upon the LORD, they shall inherit the earth.
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9 because evil
men will be cut off, but those who wait on Yahweh, they will possess the
land.
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ט כִּי
מְרֵעִים
יִכָּרֵתוּן
וְקֹוֵי
יְהוָה
הֵמָּה
יִירְשׁוּ
אָרֶץ.
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[A] My original chart includes the NASB and NIV, but
their copyright restrictions have forced me to remove them from the
publicly-available edition of this chart. I have included the ESV in footnotes
when it employs a word not already used by the KJV, NASB, or NIV. (NAW is my
translation.) When a translation adds words not in the Hebrew text, but does
not indicate it has done so by the use of italics (or greyed-out text), I put
the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a wording which
is different from all the other translations, I underline it. When a
version chooses a translation which, in my opinion, either departs too far from
the root meaning of the Hebrew word or departs too far from the grammar form of
the original text, I use strikeout. And when a version omits a word
which is in the Hebrew text, I insert an X. (I also place an X at the end of a
word if the original word is plural but the English translation is singular.) I
occasionally use colors to help the reader see correlations between the various
editions and versions when there are more than two different translations of a
given word. Hebrew text that is colored purple matches the Dead Sea Scrolls,
and variants between the DSS and the MT are noted in endnotes with the following
exceptions: When a holem or qametz-hatuf or qibbutz pointing
in the MT is represented in the DSS by a vav (or vice versa),
or when a hireq pointing in the MT is represented in the DSS by a yod
(the corresponding consonantal representation of the same vowel) – or vice
versa, or when the tetragrammaton is spelled with paleo-Hebrew letters, I
did not record it a variant. The three known Dead Sea Scrolls containing Psalm
37 are 11Q8 (verses
1-5) & 4Q85 (vs.18-19).
[B] Α=διαμαχου (“fight through”), Σ=φιλονεικει (“like beating” – repeated in v.7), Θ=παρεριθιζου (“provoke along”), Ε=ερεθιζου (“stir up”)
[C] There are only two other places in the Hebrew Bible
where this word occurs with this same consonantal spelling. KJV translators
probably mistook the root for נמל (“circumcise” – as it is in Gen. 34:24),
whereas most other scholars (including the LXX translators) have taken the root
as מלל (“wither” – as it is in Job 24:24) NASB=wither quickly,
ESV=fade
[D] The 2nd century Greek translations correct
the Septuagint to the Masoretic reading: Α=νεμου πιστιν (“distributing faith”), Σ=ποιμαινου διηνεκως (“continuously acting”), Ε=ποιει πιστιν (“making faithfulness”)
[E] NASB=cultivate faithfulness, NIV=enjoy safe pasture, ESV=befriend
faithfulness. LXX adds “with its wealth” but that addition is not supported by
the only known DSS with these verses.
[F] 2nd century Greek versions correct to the
MT: Aquilla: κυλιε (“roll”), Symmachus= επικυλισον (“roll upon”=commit yourself to).
[G] NASB=do [it], NIV=do [this], ESV=act
[H] Kittel noted that a few Hebrew manuscripts )including
from the Cairo Geniza which predate the Westminster text by two
centuries) read “to” (אל) instead of “upon” על)) (Only the one letter Lamed in common to
both words – and none of the rest of the verse – is legible in the DSS, so that
doesn’t help resolve things.) and “your ways” (דרכיך) instead of singular “your way.” The
Septuagint supports the former (προς) but not the latter (οδον) here. Then in v.6 these Hebrew manuscripts also pluralize “justice” (משפטיך instead of משפטך). The LXX doesn’t concur with them. The
meaning is not changed in any case.
[I] 2nd century Greek versions correct to the
MT reading: Α=σιγησον (“be silent”), Σ=ησυχαζε (“keep quiet”). Unfortunately, my copy of Origenis
Hexaplorum skips pages 143-149, so those notes won’t pick back up until
Psalm 39!
[J] Kittel cites the Syriac in support of the Septuagint
“supplicate/pray,” but notes that the Targums support Aquila’s translation of αποκαρδοκει (“eagerly await”), which seems to be more the bent of
the MT and English versions based on the MT.
[K] NASB & NIV=Wicked schemes, ESV=evil devices
[L] NASB & NIV= [it leads] only, ESV=[it tends] only
to, LXX=hoste=that is