Translation & Sermon by Nate Wilson for Christ the Redeemer Church of Manhattan, KS, 23 June 2019
Omitting greyed-out text should bring verbal presentation down to about 45 minutes.
Our passage begins with two hortatory statements: 1) “Let us Hold on…” and 2) “Let us consider…” and then it gets into a compelling reason why we should hold on and take cognizance: “for... the Lord will judge His people.” Let’s begin with the first:
When I was a boy, my father taught me to water-ski. I would begin by squatting in the water with my skis sticking halfway up out of the water, hanging on to the rope. Then my Dad would say, “Hang on!” and slam the boat throttle full forward, and boy did it take a lot of effort to hang on at first, with so much of my body dragging in the water – and water spraying every which-way around my skis into my eyes and mouth and nose – until the engine finally pulled me up on top of the water.
You usually hear these words right before you experience some turbulence: “Hold on!”
“Holding on” to the Gospel is a key step of obedience:
Hebrews 3:6 "Christ, on the other hand [is faithful] as Son over His administration, which administration we ourselves are, if indeed we hold on to the confirmed open practice and confident expression of THE hope until the end... 14 For we have become companions of the Anointed One if indeed we hold on to the beginning of our confirmed understanding until the end." (NAW)
1 Corinthians 15:1 "Now, I am making known to you, brothers, the gospel: which I preached to you, which also you received, in which also you have been standing, 2 through which also you are being saved, if you hold on to the particular message I preached to you..." (NAW)
The Greek adjective ἀκλινῆ is translated “without wavering/unswervingly/unrelenting,” and it modifies the Greek word ὁμολογίαν (translated “confession”).
The Greek root of this adjective is kline, which means “bend,” and, by extension, physically to “lie down on a couch and go to sleep,” or, in the sense of “bending the ear” (which is used often in the Bible), it means to listen to other people’s ideas and succumb to their influence and change course.
But here is the only place in the Bible where this word has an alpha prefix which negates the meaning, so it means “not bending,” “not lying down to rest,” and “not succumbing to influence to change course.”
We should be “unrelenting” in the “confession of our hope.” “I have a friend in Jesus because He loves me!”1
The things we say in agreement with God’s good news should not be on-again-off-again at different seasons of our life; it should not be said uncertainly, nor should it be spun one way in one set of circumstances and then spun another way in other circumstances to tone our religion down and make us more acceptable to whoever we are talking to at the time.
Why should we be consistent in what we say? Because God is faithful2:
This is from the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32:4 “As for God, his works are true, and all his ways are judgment: God is faithful, and there is no unrighteousness in him; just and holy is the Lord.” (Brenton3)
The covenant God made with Abraham is a focal point in the Bible of God being “the One who makes promises.4”
Our action should copy God’s character. If God sticks by His word, so should we, if our word is in conformity to His word.
So the first exhortation is to hold on to the unrelenting confession of our hope in Jesus. The second exhortation is….
The second hortatory5 “Let us consider/take cognizance of one another”
was used in the Greek Bible to describe people doing close observation (Ex. 33:8), spying out the land (Num. 32:8-9), a physical examination (1 Kings 3:21), being a spectator (Psalm 22:17), thinking about something you’ve read (Psalm 119:15&18), paying heed/giving attention to someone who is communicating (Isa. 5:12), realizing what is going on (Isa. 57:1), taking cognizance (Mt. 7:3), learning a lesson from what you’ve observed (Luke12:24), and seeing through a smokescreen (Luke 20:23).
So, “considering/taking cognizance” involves seeing a set of circumstances, thinking about those circumstances, and then acting accordingly.
We already encountered this verb once earlier in Hebrews 3:1 “...nail down in your minds that the One so commissioned and the High Priest whom we acknowledge is the Messiah Jesus.” (NAW) But here in chapter 10, the object of our “consideration/cognizance” is “one another” - “keep an eye on one another”, take in information about one another and analyze what we notice about one another in order to take action.
And what is the action towards which we are to use our powers of observation and analysis of one another? Toward the provocation6 of love and good deeds.
The Greek word παροξυσμὸν, translated “stir up/provoke/stimulate/spur on,” combines the Greek word for “sharp” with the word for “alongside,” creating the word picture of someone walking alongside you with a sharp stick and poking you from time to time to get you to do something or to go somewhere.
Most of the time in the Greek Bible, this word is used to describe somebody committing sins that irritate and provoke God to the point of Him getting angry and punishing.
But there are two instances in the Bible where a word from the same root occurs in a context that applies to what we’ve got here in Hebrews 10, and they’re both in the Proverbs:
Proverbs 6:3 “My son, do what I command thee, and deliver thyself; for on thy friend's account thou art come into the power of evil men: faint not, but stir up [παρόξυνε] even thy friend for whom thou art become surety.” (Brenton) In Proverbs 6:3, you have co-signed a friend’s loan and now it’s dawning on you that this was a bad idea because they probably will not be able to pay the whole loan back, and so you will probably have to make payments on their loan, but you are realizing that you don’t love them enough not to resent them if you have to pay their loan for them, so, in order to get yourself out of a bad situation, you beg them to take your name off their loan and find somebody else to co-sign for them. It may take several phone calls and texts. It may take going over to their house and banging on their door until they answer; it may take hiring a lawyer, but you figure out a way to get free of that unwanted responsibility as a co-signer. The second Proverb that uses this word is a little more general:
Proverbs 27:17 “Iron sharpens iron; and a man sharpens [παροξύνει] his friend's countenance." (Brenton) How can you sharpen a brother or sister in Christ toward love and good deeds?
Sometimes it involves sharpening an edge: helping them see the difference between right and wrong, helping them to see that God’s word draws a line on a certain topic, and that they’re on the wrong side of it.
Sometimes they know the right thing to do, but they don’t have enough spine to do it. They need somebody to put the steel into their backbone so that they exercise the courage to do God’s will and stand up against the opposition of the world and the flesh and the devil. You change them from being dull to sharp.7
In a good spy movie, the hero is an expert at noticing what’s going on in his environment, predicting what is going on in the minds of his counterparts, and acting decisively in order to achieve his goals, right? That’s what God is calling you to do. Be that hero who has the goal of “love and good deeds” and who is becoming an expert in figuring out how to make love and good deeds happen – both in you and in the people around you.
By the way, don’t assume that this is somebody else’s business: v.23 it says that we are to “take cognizance of one another,” but it doesn’t say who it is that you are “stimulating to love and good deeds” – it could be yourself! I need to “stir up” God’s “love” within myself (and notice what my fellow church-member needs, and do a good deed for them) just as much as they need me to “stir them up to love and good deeds.”
Now, moving on to v. 24, the opposite of this kind of considerate “provocation toward love and good deeds” is presented: The opposite of considerateness is apathy. “Forsaking the assembly” means you don’t care about your brothers and sisters in Christ, so you don’t bother to spend time with them or observe how they are doing or consider what will spur them on toward love and good deeds.
This isn’t speaking of a legalistic form of church-going where if you miss once, you are considered a “bad Christian;” this is a forsaking/neglecting/giving up entirely – an abandonment of the church, not wanting to associate with the people of God – on an ongoing basis – as a “habit/custom.” This is churchlesness as a culture.
It is interesting to me that this Greek word for “gathering/assembling/meeting together” only occurs two other places in the Greek Bible, and both times it refers to the return of the Messiah to “gather” His people together (2 Mac. 2:7; 2 Thess. 2:1).
Our “gathering together” as a church on the Lord’s Day is not primarily about us getting our social needs met;
it is primarily about expressing our identity as the Lord’s people.8
I remember picking up a hitchhiker in the Colorado mountains on a Sunday evening who said that he didn’t like going to church because he felt closer to God just being out in nature. That is a warped perspective. Sure, you can feel close to God in nature, but if you want nothing to do with the other people who also love God, you’re probably worshipping the wrong God, because our God is personal and is all about good relationships.
God is love, and love can only exist where there is more than one person. So if you can’t stand being around other people who love Him much, you have missed out on one of the most important essentials of who God is. It’s not too late to apologize now to God for that and ask Him to help you grow in love for His people so that you can stand being around them for the rest of eternity in heaven.
And what better way to provoke love and good deeds than to spend time with people who need love and need good things done for them?! We shouldn’t forsake assembling together as Christians; instead we should be encouraging/exhorting/literally “calling alongside” -
which can be to say an encouraging word to stir up/spur on/stimulate their courage,
or it can be “calling them down” for something, helping them see right and wrong more sharply.
Either way, the goal is Christ-like “love and good works.”
Now, a new motivation is introduced as to why we should be diligent at “holding fast” to the hope of Jesus saving us and why we should be diligent at “taking cognizance” of how to provoke ourselves and others toward love and good deeds. We should “hold fast” and “take cognizance” “all the more as we see The Day approaching.”
What is “The Day” that’s approaching? I went through the New Testament epistles in the New American Standard Bible searching for the phrase “the day,” and do you know what 70% of the time that phrase referred to? Yeah, the second coming of Christ and Judgment Day9.
When that phrase occurs in the Bible without any context limiting it to a specific other day, it is speaking of a day when God will visibly visit earth and hold mankind accountable for breaking His moral laws.
So, accountability to our God, who will evaluate us as a judge, is a motivation to hold fast and take cognizance. The next few verses play this out in more detail:
Back in v. 18 we read that, if sin disappears (because it’s forgiven), the need for a sacrifice (to atone for sin) also disappears, because there is no longer a problem that needs fixing. Now we see in v.26 that the opportunity to keep getting sins forgiven will be yanked if we take God’s grace for granted – and indulge our desires to sin – and continue in sin, thinking that God will keep on forgiving and won’t mind. Grace won’t increase if we do that; instead, the opportunity for grace closes.
Simply knowing what the truth is will not save you unless you act on it10.
There are two phrases which seem to relate this damning, willful sin to a violation of the two hortatories in verses 23 and 24, namely:
the phrase in v.26 “receiving the knowledge of the truth” – which would indicate hearing the good news about God’s arrangement to save us from eternal death through the death of Jesus on the cross as a sacrifice to atone for our sin. To obey God, then, would be to believe this good news and trust Jesus to save you. On the other hand, to keep sinning willfully would be to stop “holding on” to this faith and stop “confessing” it to be true and stop “drawing near” to God through Jesus.
Likewise the passive verb at the end of v.26 “remains/is left” [ἀπολείπεται] has the same Greek root as the word in v.25 for “forsaking/giving up/neglecting/leaving out the gathering together of ourselves” [ἐγκαταλείποντες], which relates to the “consideration of how to provoke [ourselves and others] to love and good deeds.” On the other hand, willfully and continually rejecting association between yourself and God’s people is a sin which, at the very least, runs the risk of God refusing to provide forgiveness for.11
The prophet Jonah put it this way: “Those who are paying regard to vanities of evil shall forsake their grace." (Jonah 2:8, NAW, cf. 2 Chronicles 15:2)
To put it another way, there are no other options once you have “renounced the one and only sacrifice for sin that does or can remove sin.” ~A.T. Robertson
Our author goes on in v.27 to give a proof text for what he just asserted. It is a loose quote of Isaiah 26:11, and the original Hebrew, in context, can be rendered: “10 A wicked man may be graced, but NOT learn righteousness; in the land of uprightness he deals wrongfully and will NOT see the majesty of Yahweh. 11 Yahweh, Your hand is lifted up, but they will NOT see. Let them see the people's zeal and be ashamed. Also, let Your enemy's fire consume them. 12 Yahweh, You will judge peace for us...” (NAW)
Two things are certain on Judgment Day, and that is judgment and the fires of hell.
Jesus and the prophets and apostles spoke often of these certainties12, and they should be enough to make anyone nervous who stands opposed to Jesus!
All that remains is to “appear before the judgment seat of Christ” (2 Cor. 5:10) and then be “cast into the everlasting fire” (Mat. 18:8).
So we must keep “holding on” to faith in Jesus and “facilitating” Godly love and works because there is no other option that will work to relieve our guilt, and if we don’t exercise this opportunity we have, we may loose it, and when judgment day comes, the loss will be final and horrible.
The next two verses provide another argument from the lesser to the greater, highlighting the greatness of the punishment with which God will sentence those who do not hold onto their confession of faith and who do not put out effort toward love and good works:
The comparison is between the strictness of court sentences in human governments and the strictness of the sentences which Jesus will issue on Judgment Day.
In the Law of Moses, Numbers 35:30-31 says, “Whoever kills a man, thou shalt slay the murderer on the testimony of witnesses; and one witness shall not testify against a soul that he should die. And ye shall not accept ransoms for life from a murderer who is worthy of death, for he shall be surely put to death13”.
Even our government today is pretty hard on most of the same things that the Mosaic law was hard on: murder, drunk driving, sex offenders, and human trafficking – especially if it’s an open-and-shut case with plenty of witnesses. We “throw the book at” those kind of criminals – and they may even be put to death.
The point is that if our earthly magistrates issue harsh sentences against felons, we should take very seriously every offense against Jesus, because we are going to have to appear before Him on Judgment Day, and His authority is far greater than that of any earthly judge, and His ability to punish is far greater too!
The three particular offenses to watch out for are listed in v. 29:
Trampled down/despised/shown utter disdain for the Son of God.
At the time of writing, there were plenty of priests and Pharisees still alive who had taken part in the “kangaroo court” that sentenced Jesus to death, and there were also plenty of common folk still alive who had yelled, “Crucify Him” in Herod’s palace. The magnitude of this offense needed to be felt and repented over before it’s too late.
Still today, there are those who’ve decided to live life their own way and who want nothing to do with a religion organized around a man that was crucified. Others deny that Jesus is God and deny that sin is even a big deal. The One who is God and who went to the amazing lengths of taking on human flesh and suffering miserably for our sin finds such ridiculous ideas terrifically insulting, and He is not going to treat such attitudes leniently.
Our only hope is to confess our offenses and honor Him for who He is and honor what He did on the cross for us by trusting Him to save us and by obeying Him with love and good deeds.
The second offense is that he...
Regarded/counted/treated/decided that the blood of the covenant (by which he was made holy) is profane/unholy/unclean/common,
The Greek verb in this sentence [ἡγησάμενος] connotes making this rash decision with an imperious sense of authority and even leading others into sharing this horribly-misguided opinion that there was nothing special about the blood Jesus shed on the cross – that Jesus was just another criminal who deserved to die. This, of course, was the position of most of the Jewish leaders at the time this book was written.
Yet this was the blood that makes holy. The word “make holy/sanctify” is used in various ways in the Bible, and I believe that the sense here is not in the sense of savingly made holy but in the sense of corporate special relationship to God and the blessings that trickle down indirectly from it – which the Old Testament Jewish nation enjoyed, and which family members of New Testament Christians enjoy today14 – along with unsaved folks who associate with the church. There is generous access to God’s word, people praying for you, and the pleasantness of being around people who are unselfishly loving,
but if you soak all that in and still refuse to accept that Jesus shed His blood to pay for your sins against God, and you think your specialness with God is something you earned or deserved, if you are aren’t sure about all this Jesus stuff in the Bible and so you aren’t willing to confess faith in Him, then you are going to face an extremely angry God on Judgment Day. He gave His own son up to be tortured to death in order to provide a way to forgive you, but you made light of all His loving effort and you acted like maybe He didn’t really go to that much trouble. When you insult such generosity, don’t expect to get any grace; you will be made to pay the maximum penalty for your own sin. The third and final offense is that he...
Insulted/outraged/treated despitefully the Spirit of Grace.
This is an allusion to the prophecy in Zechariah 12:10 where God promised to “pour the spirit of grace and compassion upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem,” after the Babylonian exile. And indeed the Holy Spirit did many things to grace that community leading up to the birth of Jesus and then in the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost in tongues of fire and powerful gospel preaching in every language. The Jews of that day who refused to go the direction God’s Spirit was leading and put their faith in Jesus, but who instead took the scriptures which the Holy Spirit had inspired and twisted them to point away from Jesus toward human rabbis and kings grievously insulted the third person of the Trinity, and that outrage will not be glossed over on Judgment Day.
Again, today we face the danger of doing the same thing: taking for granted the blessings of knowing truth, the blessings of recognizing sin and repenting of it, the blessings of a physical-spiritual connection with Jesus in heaven through His Spirit dwelling in our bodies, and the blessings of supernatural gifts and fruits (like love) that come from the Holy Spirit operating in us. When we are tempted to think we arrived at truth because we are smart, when we are tempted to think we are setting the standard of what a good person ought to be, when we are tempted to forget that we are slaves bound to the will of our master Jesus, and we start doing our own will, and when we start thinking that our gifts and abilities to do good were the results of our own efforts, we need to repent and humble ourselves before the mighty hand of God again and follow the leading of The Spirit that He made to dwell within us and who gives us Grace (James 4:3-6). Otherwise we will face the wrath of a deeply offended God on Judgment Day.
In 1 Chronicles 21, when King David “fell into the hands of God” and was punished for disobeying God’s command not to see how big an army he had, God sent a plague that killed 70,000 citizens in the space of a couple days. That would be like wiping out every man, woman and child in Manhattan, Ogden, and Wamego – nothing but dead rotting bodies for miles and miles. That would be scary!
Here in Hebrews 10:30, another passage from the Song of Moses in Deuteronomy 32 is quoted. The context of this quote is a warning from Moses to the people of Israel that if they worship idols and disobey the living God, God will bring judgment upon them. Moses prophecied a judgment that is very much like what happened some thousand years later when the Assyrians and Chaldeans wiped out the land of Israel – and very much like what happened again just a few years after the book of Hebrews was written when the Romans wiped out the nation of Israel once again: “And the Lord saw, and was jealous; and was provoked by ... his sons and daughters, 20 and said, I will turn away my face from them, and will show what shall happen to them in the last days; for it is a perverse generation, sons in whom is no faith. 21 They have provoked me to jealousy with that which is not God, they have exasperated me with their idols; and I will provoke them to jealousy with them that are no nation, I will anger them with a nation void of understanding. 22 For a fire has been kindled out of my wrath, it shall burn to hell below; it shall devour the land, and the fruits of it; it shall set on fire the foundations of the mountains. 23 I will gather evils upon them, and will fight with my weapons against them. 24 They shall be consumed with hunger and the devouring of birds, and there shall be irremediable destruction: I will send forth against them the teeth of wild beasts, with the rage of serpents creeping on the ground. 25 Without, the sword shall bereave them of children, and terror shall issue out of the secret chambers; the young man shall perish with the virgin, the suckling with him who has grown old. 26 I said, I will scatter them, and I will cause their memorial to cease from among men... 34 Lo! are not these things stored up by me, and sealed among my treasures? 35 In the day of vengeance I will recompense, whensoever their foot shall be tripped up; for the day of their destruction is near to them, and the judgments at hand are close upon you. 36 For the Lord shall judge his people... 39 Behold, behold that I am he, and there is no god beside me: I kill, and I will make to live: I will smite, and I will heal; and there is none who shall deliver out of my hands... 41 For I will sharpen my sword like lightning, and my hand shall take hold of judgment; and I will render judgment to my enemies, and will recompense them that hate me... 43 Rejoice, ye heavens, with him, and let all the angels of God worship him; rejoice ye Gentiles, with his people, and let all the sons of God strengthen themselves in him; for he will avenge the blood of his sons, and he will render vengeance, and recompense justice to his enemies, and will reward them that hate him; and the Lord shall purge the land of his people.” (Deut. 32:19-43, Brenton)
We who know this God know that it is no trifling matter to ignore His messages and make light of Jesus. We who know the God who said these things know that we must instead do like the apostle of Hebrews said and like Moses said long before:
Deut. 10:12 "And now, Israel, what does the LORD your God require of you, but to fear the LORD your God, to walk in all His ways and to love Him, to serve the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul, 13 and to keep the commandments of the LORD and His statutes which I command you today for your good? ...16 Therefore circumcise... your heart, and be stiff-necked no longer. 17 For the LORD your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great God, mighty and awesome, who shows no partiality nor takes a bribe… 20 You shall fear the LORD your God; you shall serve Him, and to Him you shall hold fast [κολληθήσῃ], and take oaths in His name. 21 He is your praise, and He is your God, who has done for you these great and awesome things which your eyes have seen.” (NKJV)
Hold fast your confession and stimulate one another to love and good works for the Lord is sure to come and judge His people.
Psalm 76:6 “At Your rebuke, O God of Jacob, Both the chariot and horse were cast into a dead sleep. 7 You, Yourself, are to be feared; And who may stand in Your presence When once You are angry? 8 You caused judgment to be heard from heaven; The earth feared and was still, 9 When God arose to judgment, To deliver all the oppressed of the earth. Selah 10 Surely the wrath of man shall praise You; With the remainder of wrath You shall gird Yourself. 11 Make vows to the LORD your God, and pay them; Let all who are around Him bring presents to Him who ought to be feared. 12 He shall cut off the spirit of princes; He is awesome to the kings of the earth.” (NKJV)
Rom. 2:5 But because of your stubbornness and unrepentant heart you are storing up wrath for yourself in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God,
Rom. 2:16 on the day when, according to my gospel, God will judge the secrets of men through Christ Jesus.
Rom. 13:12 The night is almost gone, and the day is near. Therefore let us lay aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light.
1Cor. 1:8 who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ.
1Cor. 3:13 each man's work will become evident; for the day will show it because it is to be revealed with fire, and the fire itself will test the quality of each man's work.
1Cor. 5:5 I have decided to deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of his flesh, so that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus.
2Cor. 1:14 just as you also partially did understand us, that we are your reason to be proud as you also are ours, in the day of our Lord Jesus.
Eph. 4:30 Do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.
Php. 1:6 For I am confident of this very thing, that He who began a good work in you will perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus.
Php. 1:10 so that you may approve the things that are excellent, in order to be sincere and blameless until the day of Christ;
Php. 2:16 holding fast the word of life, so that in the day of Christ I will have reason to glory because I did not run in vain nor toil in vain.
1Thes. 5:2 For you yourselves know full well that the day of the Lord will come just like a thief in the night.
1Thes. 5:4 But you, brethren, are not in darkness, that the day would overtake you like a thief;
2Thes. 2:2 that you not be quickly shaken from your composure or be disturbed either by a spirit or a message or a letter as if from us, to the effect that the day of the Lord has come.
Heb. 10:25 not forsaking our own assembling together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another; and all the more as you see the day drawing near.
1Pet. 2:12 Keep your behavior excellent among the Gentiles, so that in the thing in which they slander you as evildoers, they may because of your good deeds, as they observe them, glorify God in the day of visitation.
2Pet. 1:19 So we have the prophetic word made more sure, to which you do well to pay attention as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star arises in your hearts.
2Pet. 2:9 then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from temptation, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment for the day of judgment,
2Pet. 3:7 But by His word the present heavens and earth are being reserved for fire, kept for the day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men.
2Pet. 3:10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, in which the heavens will pass away with a roar and the elements will be destroyed with intense heat, and the earth and its works will be burned up.
2Pe. 3:12 looking for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will be destroyed by burning, and the elements will melt with intense heat!
2Pe. 3:18 but grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory, both now and to the day of eternity. Amen.
1Jn. 4:17 By this, love is perfected with us, so that we may have confidence in the day of judgment; because as He is, so also are we in this world.
Cross-Ref’s |
Greek NT |
NAW |
KJV |
|
23 κατέχωμεν τὴν ὁμολογίαν τῆς ἐλπίδοςB ἀκλινῆ· πιστὸς γὰρ ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος· |
23 Let’s hold onto the unrelenting confession of our hope, because the One who promised is faithful. |
23
Let
us hold fast the profession of our
|
|
24 καὶ κατανοῶμεν ἀλλήλους εἰς παροξυσμὸνC ἀγάπης καὶ καλῶν ἔργων, |
24 Let us also take cognizance of one another towards the provocation of love and of good works, |
24
And
let us consider one another to
provoke
|
|
25 μὴ ἐγκαταλείποντες τὴν ἐπισυναγωγὴν ἑαυτῶν, καθὼς ἔθος τισίν, ἀλλὰ παρακαλοῦντεςD, καὶ τοσούτῳ μᾶλλον, ὅσῳ βλέπετε ἐγγίζουσαν τὴν ἡμέραν. |
25 not leaving out the gathering together of ourselves (as the custom is with certain persons), but instead being encouraging - and so much the more while you are seeing The Day getting close. |
25 Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching. |
v.27 seems to allude to Isa. 26:11b, but is not an exact quote from either the MT or the LXX, although it is closer to the Greek. |
26 ῾Εκουσίως γὰρ ἁμαρτανόντωνE ἡμῶν μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθείας, οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία, |
26 For, if we keep sinning willingly after receiving the full-knowledge of the truth, a sacrifice for sins is no longer left [available]; |
26 For if we sin wilfully after [that we have] received the knowledge of the truth, there X remaineth no more sacrifice for sins, |
קִנְאַת־עָ֔ם אַף־אֵ֖שׁ צָרֶ֥יךָ תֹאכְלֵֽם ...ζῆλος λήμψεται λαὸν ἀπαίδευτον καὶ νῦν πῦρ τοὺς ὑπεναντίους ἔδεται |
27 φοβερὰ δέ τις ἐκδοχὴF κρίσεως καὶ πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίεινG μέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους. |
27 instead there is a certain fearsome receiving of judgment and an intensity of fire about to devour those in opposition. |
27
But
a certain fearful
looking
for of judgment and fiery indignation, which |
|
28 ἀθετήσας τις νόμον Μωϋσέως χωρὶς οἰκτιρμῶν ἐπὶ δυσὶν ἢ τρισὶ μάρτυσιν ἀποθνῄσκει· |
28 If someone who has upset the law of Moses dies without mercy on the basis of two or three witnesses, |
28
He
that despised
Moses'
law die |
v.30 quotes from Deut. 32:35-36, but again is neither an exact quote of the Hebrew nor of the Greek, although it leans closer to the MT this time. |
29 πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος ἀξιωθήσεταιH τιμωρίας ὁ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ καταπατήσαςI καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος, ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη, καὶ τὸ Πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτοςJ ἐνυβρίσαςK; |
29 how much worse punishment do y’all suppose will be deserved by the one who has trampled down the Son of God and who has decided that the blood of the covenant (by which he was made holy) is profane, and who has insulted the Spirit of Grace? |
29 Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace? |
Deut 32:35 ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐκδικήσεως ἀνταποδώσω ... 36 ὅτι κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ … לִ֤י נָקָם֙ וְשִׁלֵּ֔ם ... 36 כִּֽי־יָדִ֤ין יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ |
30 οἴδαμεν γὰρ τὸν εἰπόντα· ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις, ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω [λέγει ΚύριοςL]· καὶ πάλιν· Κρινεῖ κύριοςM τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ. |
30 For we know the One who said, “Vengeance belongs to me; I myself will render payback,” [says the Lord,] and again, “The Lord will judge His people.” |
30 For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people. |
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31 To fall into the hands of the Living God is fearsome! |
31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. |
1From “Book of Life” by Clay Graber
2cf. Isaiah 49:7, 1 Cor. 1:9, 1 Cor. 10:13, 1 Thess. 5:24, 2 Thess. 3:3, 2 Tim. 2:13, 1 John 1:9, Rev. 19:11.
3cf. Deut. 7:9 Thou shalt know therefore, that the Lord thy God, he is God, a faithful God, who keeps covenant and mercy for them that love him, and for those that keep his commandments to a thousand generations," (Brenton)
46 of the 15 times the word “promise” occurs in the NT (40%), it refers to God’s promise to Abraham (cf. Acts 7:5. Rom. 4:21, Gal 3:19). We see it in the previous instance of the word “promise” in Hebrews 6:13 “For God, having promised to Abraham, since He had no one greater to swear by, He swore by Himself," (NAW), and in the subsequent instance of the word “promise” in Hebrews 11:11 “By faith Sarah... bore a child when she was past the age, because she judged Him faithful who had promised." (NKJV)
5This second verb kata-now (literally “think down”) is similar to the first one we encountered in v.23 kat’exw (literally “hold down the confession”).
6Most English versions translate this noun describing this action as though it were a verb, “stir up/spur on/stimulate,” which makes for a more concise translation in English and still gets the point across… No pun intended!
7“So Paul seeks to stir up the Corinthians by the example of the Macedonians (2Cor. 8:1-7)” ~A.T. Robertson
8There is some speculation among commentators as to the meaning of episunagwgen. Aquinas suggested it meant the church universal (as opposed to a local congregation), Calvin suggested that it described Jews exiting the church when Gentiles came in, Bengel suggested that it described a Christian “small-group” within a Jewish synagogue, and Hughes suggested it it should be understood as simply the regular gathering of Christian believers.
9See Appendix for a list
10cf. 2 Peter 2:20 "For if, after they have escaped the pollutions of the world through the knowledge [epignosis] of the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, they are again entangled in them and overcome, the latter end is worse for them than the beginning." (NKJV) “[T]he use of the emphatic επιγνοσις in place of the simple γνοσις marks the greatness of the fall which is contemplated.” ~Westcott “[T]he description here of the Christian gospel as ‘the knowledge of the truth’ may be intentionally opposed to the Essene emphasis, so freuent in the Qumran documents, on the possession of the knowledge of the truth...” ~P.E. Hughes
11This should not, however, be confused with the Novatian/Donatist heresy that forgiveness and restoration are impossible to a Christian who has backslidden.
12e.g. Zeph. 1:18 "And their silver and their gold shall in nowise be able to rescue them in the day of the Lord's wrath; but the whole land shall be devoured by the fire of his jealously; for he will bring a speedy destruction on all them that inhabit the land." Psalm 79:5-6 "How long, O Lord? wilt thou be angry for ever? shall thy jealousy burn like fire? Pour out thy wrath upon the heathen that have not known thee, and upon the kingdoms which have not called upon thy name." (Brenton) 2 Thes. 1:7-10 "...when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with His mighty angels, in flaming fire taking vengeance on those who do not know God, and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. These shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power, when He comes, in that Day..." Rev. 18:8 "Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and mourning and famine. And she will be utterly burned with fire, for strong is the Lord God who judges her." (NKJV)
13(Brenton) cf. Deut. 19, Ex. 21, and Lev. 24 on the death sentence for murder. Deuteronomy 17:6 adds that "He [the idol-worshipper] shall die on the testimony of two or three witnesses; a man who is put to death shall not be put to death for one witness." (Brenton). Deut. 17:12 – extended the death sentence to those who showed total disregard for Mosaic authority, Deut. 21 to the contumacious son, Deut 22 to the adulterous woman, and Deut. 24 to kidnappers.
141 Corinthians 7:14 "For the unbelieving husband has been made holy by his wife and the unbelieving wife has been made holy by the brother (otherwise your children are unclean, but now they are holy)." (NAW)
AThe
Greek is the Majority text, edited by myself to follow the majority
of the earliest-known manuscripts only when the early manuscript
evidence is practically unanimous. My original document includes
notes on the NKJV, NASB, NIV, & ESV English translations, but
since they are all copyrighted, I cannot include them in my online
document. Underlined words in English versions indicate a
standalone difference from all other English translations of a
certain word. Strikeout usually indicates that the
English translation is, in my opinion, too far outside the range of
meaning of the original Greek word. The addition of an X indicates a
Greek word left untranslated – or a plural Greek word
translated as an English singular. [Brackets] indicate words added
in English not in the Greek. Key words are colored consistently
across the chart to show correlations.
BThe Sinaiticus alone among the Greek manuscripts adds the pronoun “our” here, but it is picked up by the NIV & ESV. The definite article before “hope” could reasonably be interpreted “our” instead of “the” even without that manuscript evidence.
CThis is a noun occurring only 3 other times in the Greek Bible: Deut. 29:27 & Jer. 39:37 (which both speak of the Lord’s “great indignation” against His people’s sin), and Acts 15:39 (which speaks of the “bad feelings” that developed between Paul and Mark). The verb form of this word occurs more frequently in the Greek Bible (in 46 verses), mostly in the Old Testament describing God being “provoked” by sin, and also negatively in the 2 NT references: Acts 17:16 (Paul “provoked” by idols in Athens) & 1Cor. 13:5 (love is “provoked”). There are two instances of the verbal form however, which shed light on how we might apply the principle in Heb. 10, and they are Prov. 6:3 & 27:17.
DI don’t think this word should be limited in meaning to Louw & Nida’s semantic domain # 25.150 (“encourage”). It has overtones of all the meanings for this word, including: 33.168 (“earnestly entreat”), 33.315 (“invite”), and 33.310 (“call into conference”).
E“circumstantial participle here in a conditional sense” ~A.T. Robertson It’s curious that English translators universally interpreted it this way here, but didn’t so so two verses later when the same situation happens again!
FHapex Legomenon – this noun is derived from the verb ἐκδέχομαι.
GThe Hebrew and Greek originals of this quote are both future tense (Hebrew Imperfect) of the verb “to eat,” but the Apostle renders the verb as a present infinitive instead.
HThis is the only use of this verb in the NT which is not describing something more honorable or more preferable, but rather less honorable, thus judgment is more preferable.
IPerhaps allusion to the Messianic interpretation of Psalm 7:6-7, the Septuagint of which uses this verb. Cf. instances of this verb describing idolatrous Israel trampling on justice in Hosea 5, Amos 4 & 5, and Ezekiel 34. Later on, in poetic justice, God will trample these oppressors when the time comes for judgment (Mal. 3:21, Isa. 16:8-9, 25:10, 28:3, 63:3).
JThe Holy Spirit is called the “Spirit of Grace” in one other place in the Bible, Zechariah 12:9-10 “And it shall come to pass in that day, that I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and compassion: and they shall look upon me, because they have mocked me, and they shall make lamentation for him, as for a beloved friend, and they shall grieve intensely, as for a firstborn son.” He is also connected with Trinitarian grace in Revelation 1:4-5 "...Grace to you and peace from Him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven Spirits who are before His throne, and from Jesus Christ..." (NKJV)
KHapex Legomenon, but the simpler verb (hubrizw – without the prefix) is more common and is lumped together with this prefixed form in Louw & Nida’s Lexicon as meaning the same thing.
LAlthough this is the reading of the majority of Greek manuscripts and of the traditional Greek editions, the two oldest-known Greek manuscripts (and about a half-dozen others throughout the centuries) do not contain this phrase, so contemporary critical editions leave it out. Early versions in other languages are pretty evenly divided on whether or not they include the phrase. The meaning doesn’t change either way, for the subject is the same Lord.
MThe majority of Greek manuscripts (and thus the traditional Greek editions) switch the order of the first two words of this clause, but the first manuscript in history that does so is in the 9th century. Every manuscript before that read with the same word-order of the original quote in both the Greek and the Hebrew. Switching the words lends emphasis to the subject “The Lord himself will judge...” but makes no essential difference. I wonder if the switch was a result of influence from Jewish targums which read ארום דאין הוא (Cairo Geniza, Neofitti, Jonathan), but the Samaritan Pentateuch and the Septuagint support the Masoretic text here without the emphatic subject.
NDeut. 1:19, 2:7, and 8:15 in the LXX all describe the wilderness wanderings with the same adjective, and then in 10:17, God Himself is described with the same adjective: Deuteronomy 10:17 “For the Lord your God, he is God of gods, and the Lord of lords, the great, and strong, and terrible [φοβερός] God, who does not accept persons, nor will he by any means accept a bribe” (Brenton)
OThis figure of speech could have been coined by Samson; he was the first in the Bible to use it in Judges 15:18.