2 Samuel 8 – Conquer Enemies, Worship God, Do Justice

Translation & Sermon by Nate Wilson for Christ The Redeemer Church, Manhattan, KS, 27 Mar 2022

Introduction

1) Conquer Enemies

2) Worship of God

3) Administrate Justice

Conclusion

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1 Καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ τοὺς ἀλλο­φύλους καὶ ἐτροπώσατο αὐτούς· καὶ ἔλαβεν Δαυιδ τὴν ἀφωρισ­μένην ἐκ χειρὸς τῶν ἀλλοφύλων.

1 And it came to pass after this, that David smote the Philistines, and put them to flight, and David took the tribute from out of the hand of the Philistines.

1 And it came to pass after this that David defeated the Philistines, and brought them down, and David took the bridle of tribute out of the hand of the Philistines,

1 And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Methegammah out of the hand of the Philistines.

1 After this, it came about that David made a strike against the Philistines and made them vassals. David also took Meteg-Ha-Ammah from the control of the Philistines.

1 וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי-כֵן וַיַּךְ דָּוִד אֶת- פְּלִשְׁתִּים וַיַּכְנִיעֵם וַיִּקַּח דָּוִד אֶת-מֶתֶג הָאַמָּהC מִיַּד פְּלִשְׁתִּים:

18:1 וַיְהִי אַחֲרֵי-כֵן וַיַּךְ דָּוִיד אֶת- פְּלִשְׁתִּים וַיַּכְנִיעֵם וַיִּקַּח X אֶת-גַּת וּבְנֹתֶיהָ מִיַּד פְּלִשְׁתִּים:

18:1 After this, it came about that David made a strike against the Philistines and made them vassals and took Gath and its daughter-towns from the control of the Philistines.

2 καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ τὴν Μωαβ καὶ διεμέτρησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν σχοινί­οις κοιμίσας αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἐγένετο τὰ δύο σχοινίσ­ματα τοῦ θανα­τῶσαι, καὶ τὰ δύο σχοινίσματα ἐζώγρησεν, καὶ ἐγένετο Μωαβ τῷ Δαυιδ εἰς δούλους φέροντας ξένια.

2 And David smote Moab, and measured them out with line[s], having laid them down on the ground: and there were two lines for slaying, and two line[s] he kept alive: and Moab became servants to David, yielding tribute.

2 And he defeated Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the earth: and he measured with two lines, one to put to death, and one X to save alive: and Moab was made to serve David under tribute.

2 And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts.

2 And he made a strike against Moab and he measured them with the measuring-string after having made them lie down on the ground, {meas­uring} two string-lengths to put to death and one full string-length to keep alive, and those Moab{ites} became servants who raised a food-offering for David.

2 וַיַּךְ אֶת-מוֹאָב וַיְמַדְּדֵם בַּחֶבֶל הַשְׁכֵּב אוֹתָם אַרְצָה וַיְמַדֵּדD שְׁנֵי-חֲבָלִים לְהָמִית וּמְלֹאE הַחֶבֶלF לְהַחֲיוֹת וַתְּהִיG מוֹאָב לְדָוִד לַעֲבָדִים נֹשְׂאֵי מִנְחָה:

18:2 וַיַּךְ אֶת- מוֹאָב





וַיִּהְיוּ מוֹאָב עֲבָדִים לְדָוִיד נֹשְׂאֵי מִנְחָה:

18:2 And he made a strike against Moab, and the Moabites became servants who raised a food-offering for David.

3 καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ τὸν Αδρα­αζαρ υἱὸν Ρααβ βασιλέα Σουβα πορευομένου αὐτοῦ ἐπιστῆσαι τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ποταμὸν Εὐφράτην.

3 And David smote Adra­azar the son of Raab king of Suba, as he went to extend his power to the river Euphrates.

3 David defeated also Adarezer the son of Rohob king of Soba, when he went to extend his dominion over the river Euphrates.

3 David smote also Hadad­ezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates.

3 David also made a strike against Hadad­ezer, son of Rekhob, king of Tsobah while he was going to {establish} his control at the {Euphrates} River.

3 וַיַּךְ דָּוִד אֶת-הֲדַדְעֶזֶרH בֶּן-רְחֹב מֶלֶךְ צוֹבָה בְּלֶכְתּוֹI לְהָשִׁיבJ יָדוֹ בִּנְהַר-K:

18:3 וַיַּךְ דָּוִיד אֶת-הֲדַדְעֶזֶר X X מֶלֶךְ- צוֹבָה חֲמָתָה בְּלֶכְתּוֹ לְהַצִּיב יָדוֹ בִּנְהַר-פְּרָת:

18:3 David also made a strike against {Hadar­ezer} king of Tsobah by Ham­ath while he was going to establish his control at the Euphrates River.

4 καὶ προκατε­λάβετο Δαυιδ τῶν αὐτοῦ χίλια [ἅρματα] καὶ ἑπτὰ χιλιάδας ἱππέων καὶ εἴκοσι χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν πεζῶν, καὶ παρέλυσεν Δαυιδ πάντα τὰ ἅρματα καὶ ὑπελίπετο ἐξ αὐτῶν ἑκατὸν ἅρματα.

4 And David took a thousand of his [chariots], and seven thousand horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all his chariot horses, and he reserved to himselfL a hundred chariots.

4 And David took from him a thousand and seven hun­dred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen, and houghed all the chariot horses: and only reserved of them for one hundred chariots.

4 And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots.

4 Then David selected from him 1,000 {chariot-horses} and 700 cavalrymen and 20,000 foot soldiers, then David hamstrung every chariot-horse, except he left 100 chariot-horses from that [number].

4 וַיִּלְכֹּד דָּוִד מִמֶּנּוּ אֶלֶףM וּשְׁבַע-
מֵאוֹתN פָּרָשִׁים וְעֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף אִישׁ רַגְלִי וַיְעַקֵּר דָּוִד אֶת-כָּל-הָרֶכֶב וַיּוֹתֵר מִמֶּנּוּ מֵאָה רָכֶב:

18:4 וַיִּלְכֹּד דָּוִיד מִמֶּנּוּ אֶלֶף רֶכֶב וְשִׁבְעַת אֲלָפִים פָּרָשִׁים וְעֶשְׂרִים אֶלֶף אִישׁ רַגְלִי וַיְעַקֵּר דָּוִיד אֶת-כָּל-הָרֶכֶב וַיּוֹתֵר מִמֶּנּוּ מֵאָה רָכֶב:

18:4 Then David selected from him 1,000 chariot-horses and 7,000 cavalrymen and 20,000 foot soldiers. Then David hamstrung every chariot-horse, except he left 100 chariot-horses from that [number].

5 καὶ παραγίν­εται Συρία Δαμασκοῦ βοηθῆσαι τῷ Αδρααζαρ βασιλεῖ Σουβα, καὶ ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ ἐν τῷ Σύρῳ εἴκοσι δύο χιλιάδας ἀνδρῶν.

5 And Syria of Damascus comes to help Adraazar king of Suba, and David smote twenty-two thousand men belonging to the Syrian.

5 And the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Adar­ezer the king of Soba: and David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.

5 And when the Syrians of Dam­ascus came to succour X Had­ad­ezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men.

5 However, Damascus Syria came to the aid of Hadadezer King of Tsobah, so David struck down 22,000 men in Syria.

5 וַתָּבֹא אֲרַם דַּמֶּשֶׂק לַעְזֹר לַהֲדַדְעֶזֶרO מֶלֶךְ צוֹבָה וַיַּךְ דָּוִד בַּאֲרָם עֶשְׂרִים-וּשְׁנַיִם אֶלֶף אִישׁ:

18:5 וַיָּבֹא אֲרַם דַּרְמֶשֶׂק לַעְזוֹר לַהֲדַדְעֶזֶרP מֶלֶךְ צוֹבָה וַיַּךְ דָּוִיד בַּאֲרָם עֶשְׂרִים-וּשְׁנַיִם אֶלֶף אִישׁ:

18:5 However, Damascus Syria came to the aid of {Had­ar}­ezer King of Tsobah, so David struck down 22,000 men in Syria.

6 καὶ ἔθετο Δαυιδ φρουρὰν ἐν Συρίᾳ τῇ [κατὰ] Δαμασ­κόν, καὶ ἐγένετο ὁ Σύρος τῷ Δαυιδ εἰς δού­λους φέροντας ξένια. καὶ ἔσωσεν κύριος τὸν Δαυιδ ἐν πᾶσιν, οἷς ἐπορεύετο. --

6 And David placed a garrisonX in Syria [near] Damascus, and the Syrians became servants [and] X tributaries to David: and the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went.

6 And David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and Syria X X X served David under tribute, and the Lord preserved David [in all his enterprises], whithersoever he went.

6 Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

6 Then David placed garrisons in Damascus Syria, so Syria belonged to David to be his servants who raised up a food-offering. So Yahweh preserved David everywhere he went.

6 וַיָּשֶׂם דָּוִד נְצִבִים בַּאֲרַם דַּמֶּשֶׂק וַתְּהִי אֲרָם לְדָוִד לַעֲבָדִיםQ נוֹשְׂאֵי מִנְחָה וַיֹּשַׁע יְהוָה אֶת-דָּוִד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָךְ:

18:6 וַיָּשֶׂם דָּוִיד X בַּאֲרַם דַּרְמֶשֶׂק וַיְהִי אֲרָם לְדָוִיד xעֲבָדִים נֹשְׂאֵי מִנְחָה וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהוָה לְדָוִיד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָךְ:

18:6 Then David made placements in Damascus Syria, so Syria belonged to David to be servants who raised up a food-offering. So Yahweh gave victory to David everywhere he went.

7 καὶ ἔλαβεν Δαυιδ τοὺς χλιδῶνας τοὺς χρυσοῦς, οἳ ἦσαν ἐπὶ τῶν παίδων τῶν Αδρααζαρ βασιλ­έως Σουβα, καὶ ἤνεγκεν αὐτὰ εἰς Ιερουσα­λημ· [καὶ ἔλαβεν αὐτὰ Σουσ­ακιμ βασ­ιλ­εὺς Αἰγύπτου ἐν τῷ ἀναβῆναι αὐτὸν εἰς Ιερου­σαλημ ἐν ἡμέρ­αις Ροβοαμ υἱοῦ Σολομῶντος.]

7 And David took the gold­en brace­lets which were on the servants of Adra­azar king of Suba, and brought them to Jerusa­lem. [And Susa­kim king of Egypt took them, when he went up to Jerusa­lem in the days of Ro­boam son of Solomon.]

7 And David took the arms of gold, which the servants of Adarezer wore X and brought them to Jerusalem.

7 And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem.

7 David also took the gold shields which had been {on} the servants of Hadad­ezer, and he brought them to Jerusalem. {(And it was these that were taken afterward when Shi­shaq king of Egypt went up against Jerusalem during the days of Rehoboam son of Solomon)}.

7 וַיִּקַּח דָּוִד אֵת שִׁלְטֵיR הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ אֶלS עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעָזֶרT וַיְבִיאֵם יְרוּשָׁלִָםU:

18:7 וַיִּקַּח דָּוִיד אֵת שִׁלְטֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר הָיוּ עַל עַבְדֵי הֲדַדְעָזֶרV וַיְבִיאֵם יְרוּשָׁלִָם:

18:7 David also took the gold shields which had been on the servants of Hadadezer, and he brought them to Jerusalem.

8 καὶ ἐκ τῆς Μασ­βακ X ἐκ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν πόλε­ων τοῦ Αδραα­ζαρ ἔλαβεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Δαυιδ χαλκὸν X πολὺν σφόδρα· [ἐν αὐτῷ ἐποίησεν Σαλω­μων τὴν θάλασ­σαν τὴν χαλκῆν καὶ τοὺς στύλους καὶ τοὺς λουτῆ­ρας καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη.]

8 And king David took from Metebac, and from the choice cities of Adraazar, very much brass: [with that Solomon made the brazen sea, and the pillars, and the lavers, and all the furniture.]

8 And out of Bete, and out of Beroth, cities of Adarezer, king David took an exceeding great quantity of brass.

8 And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, king David took exceeding much brass.

8 Also, from Hadadezer’s cities of Betach and from Berothai, David the King took {a} very large amount of bronze.

8 וּמִבֶּטַחW וּמִבֵּרֹתַי עָרֵי הֲדַדְעָזֶר לָקַח הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד נְחֹשֶׁת הַרְבֵּהX מְאֹד: ס

18:8 וּמִטִּבְחַת וּמִכּוּן עָרֵי הֲדַדְעֶזֶר לָקַח X דָּוִיד נְחֹשֶׁת xרַבָּה מְאֹד בָּהּ עָשָׂה שְׁלֹמֹה אֶת-יָם הַנְּחֹשֶׁת וְאֶת- הָעַמּוּדִים וְאֵת כְּלֵי הַנְּחֹשֶׁת: פ

18:8 Also from Hadad­ezer’s towns of Tib­chat and from Cun David took a very large amount of bronze with which Solo­mon made the bronze tank and the pillars and the utensils of bronze.

9 καὶ ἤκουσεν Θοου ὁ βασιλεὺς Ημαθ ὅτι ἐπάταξεν Δαυιδ πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν Αδρααζαρ,

9 And Thou the king of Hemath heard that David had smitten all the host of Adraazar.

9 And Thou the king of Emath heard that David had defeated all the forces of Adarezer.

9 When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer,

9 Now, when {Tow} King of Hamath heard that David had struck down all the army of Hadadezer,

9 וַיִּשְׁמַע תֹּעִיY מֶלֶךְ חֲמָת כִּי הִכָּה דָוִד אֵת כָּל- חֵיל הֲדַדְעָזֶרZ:

18:9 וַיִּשְׁמַע תֹּעוּ מֶלֶךְ חֲמָת כִּי הִכָּה דָוִיד אֶת-כָּל- חֵיל הֲדַדְעֶזֶרAA מֶלֶךְ-צוֹבָה:

18:9 Now, when Tow King of Ham­ath heard that David had struck down all the army of Hadadezer, king of Tsobah,

10 καὶ ἀπέστειλ­εν Θοου Ι[εδδABουραν τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ πρὸς βασιλέα Δαυιδ ἐρωτῆσαι αὐτὸν τὰ εἰς εἰρήνην καὶ εὐλογῆσαι αὐτὸν ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐπολέμησεν X τὸν Αδρααζαρ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτόν, ὅτι ἀντικείμενος XAC X ἦν [τῷ] Αδρααζαρ, καὶ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ ἦσαν σκεύη ἀργυρᾶ καὶ σκεύη χρυσᾶ καὶ σκεύη χαλκᾶ.

10 And Thou sent J[edd]ur­am his son to king David, to ask him of his welfare, and to congratulate him on his fighting againstAD Adraazar and smiting him, for X X he was an enemy [to] Adraazar: and in his hand[s] were vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass.

10 And Thou sent Joram his son to king David, to salute him X X, and to congratulate with him, and to return him thanks: because he had fought against Adarez­er, and had defeated him. For X X Thou was an enemy [to] Adar­ezer, and in his hand were vessels of gold, and vessels of silver, and vessels of brass:

10 Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him X X, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadad­ezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had X wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:

10 {Tow} sent Joram his son to David the king to petition him for peace and to bless him, since he had fought with Hadadezer and had struck him down (for {Tow was an enemy to} Hadadezer), and in his hand were articles of silver and articles of gold and articles of bronze.

10 וַיִּשְׁלַח תֹּעִי אֶת-יוֹרָם-בְּנוֹ אֶל-הַמֶּלֶךְ-דָּוִד לִשְׁאָל-לוֹ לְשָׁלוֹם וּלְבָרֲכוֹ עַל אֲשֶׁר נִלְחַם בַּהֲדַדְעֶזֶר וַיַּכֵּהוּ כִּי-אִישׁ מִלְחֲמוֹת תֹּעִי הָיָה הֲדַדְעָזֶרAE וּבְיָדוֹ הָיוּ כְּלֵי- כֶסֶף וּכְלֵי-זָהָב וּכְלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת:

18:10 וַיִּשְׁלַח Xאֶת-הֲדוֹרָם-בְּנוֹ אֶל-הַמֶּלֶךְ-דָּוִיד לִשְׁאוֹל AFX לְשָׁלוֹם וּלְבָרֲכוֹ עַל אֲשֶׁר נִלְחַם בַּהֲדַדְעֶזֶר וַיַּכֵּהוּ כִּי-אִישׁ מִלְחֲמוֹת תֹּעוּ הָיָה הֲדַדְעָזֶרAG וְכֹל X כְּלֵי זָהָב X וָכֶסֶף X וּנְחֹשֶׁת:

18:10 he sent his son AHDoram to David the king to petition for peace and to bless him since he had fought with Hadad­ezer and had struck him down, for Tow {was an enemy to} Hadarezer, and there were all the vessels of gold and of silver and of bronze.

11 καὶ ταῦτα ἡγίασεν ὁ βασιλ­εὺς Δαυιδ τῷ κυρίῳ μετὰ τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ [μετὰ] τοῦ χρυσίου, οὗ ἡγίασεν ἐκ πασῶν τῶν πόλεων, ὧν κατ­εδυνάστευσεν,

11 And these king David consecrated to the Lord, with the silver and [with] the gold which he consecrated out of all the cities which he conquered,

11 And king David dedicated them to the Lord, together with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all the nations, which he had subdued:

11 Which also king David did dedicate unto the LORD, with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued;

11 These also David the King consecrated to Yahweh along with the silver and the gold which he consecrated from all the nations over which he had taken dominion:

11 גַּם-אֹתָם הִקְדִּישׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִד לַיהוָה עִם-הַכֶּסֶף וְהַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר הִקְדִּישׁ מִכָּל-הַגּוֹיִםAI אֲשֶׁר כִּבֵּשׁ:

18:11 גַּם-אֹתָם הִקְדִּישׁ הַמֶּלֶךְ דָּוִיד לַיהוָה עִם-הַכֶּסֶף וְהַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר נָשָׂא מִכָּל-הַגּוֹיִם X X

מֵאֱדוֹם וּמִמּוֹאָב וּמִבְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּים וּמֵעֲמָלֵק:

18:11 These also David the King consecrated to Yahweh along with the silver and the gold which he consecrated from all the nations over which he had taken dominion: from Edom and from Moab and from the descendants of Ammon and from the Philistines and from the Amalekites.

12 ἐκ τῆς Ιδουμαίας καὶ ἐκ τῆς γῆς Μωαβ καὶ ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων καὶ ἐξ Αμαληκ καὶ ἐκ τῶν σκύλων Αδρααζαρ υἱοῦ Ρααβ βασιλέως Σουβα. --

12 out of Idu­mea, and out of Moab, and from the children of Ammon, and from the Philis­tines, and from Ama­lec, and from the spoil[s] of Adraazar son of Raab king of Suba.

12 Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children Ammon, and of the Philistines, and of Ama­lec, and of the spoil[s] of Adar­ezer the son of Rohob king of Soba.

12 Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philis­tines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah.

12 from {Edom} and from Moab and from the descendants of Ammon and from the Phil­istines and from the Amalekites, and from the plunder of Hadadezer son of Rekhob King of Tsobah.

12 מֵאֲרָםAJ וּמִמּוֹאָב
וּמִבְּנֵי עַמּוֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּים וּמֵעֲמָלֵק וּמִשְּׁלַל הֲדַדְעֶזֶר בֶּן-רְחֹב מֶלֶךְ צוֹבָה:

13 καὶ ἐποίησεν Δαυιδ ὄνομα· [καὶ] ἐν τῷ ἀνακάμπτειν αὐτὸν X X ἐπάταξεν τὴν Ιδουμαίαν ἐν Γαιμελε εἰς ὀκτωκαίδεκα χιλιάδας.

13 And David made [himself] a name: [and] when he returned X he smote Idumea in GebelemAK to the number of eighteen thousand.

13 David also made [himself] a name, when he returned after taking Syria in the valley of the saltpits, [killing] eighteen thousand:

13 And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men.

13 David also created a reputation when he returned from striking down 18,000 {Edomites} in the Valley of Salt.

13 ALוַיַּעַשׂ דָּוִד שֵׁםAM בְּשֻׁבוֹ מֵהַכּוֹתוֹ אֶת-אֲרָםAN בְּגֵיא-מֶלַח שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר אָלֶף:

18:12 וְאַבְשַׁי בֶּן-צְרוּיָה הִכָּה אֶת-אֱדוֹם בְּגֵיא הַמֶּלַח שְׁמוֹנָה עָשָׂר אָלֶף:

18:12 Abishai son of Tseruiah also struck down 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt

14 καὶ ἔθετο ἐν τῇ Ιδουμαίᾳ φρουράν, ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Ιδουμ­αίᾳ, X X καὶ ἐγένοντο πάντες οἱ Ιδουμαῖοι δοῦλοι τῷ βασιλεῖ. καὶ ἔσωσεν κύριος τὸν Δαυιδ ἐν πᾶσιν, οἷς ἐπορεύετο.

14 And he set garrisons in Idumea, even in all Idumea: X X and all the Idumeans were servants to the king. And the Lord preserved David wherever he went.

14 And he put guards in Edom, X X X [and placed] there a garrison: and all Edom was made to serve David: and the Lord preserved David in all [enterprises] he went about.

14 And he put garrisons in Edom; through­out all Edom put he garrisons, and all they of Edom became David's servants. And the LORD preserved David whithersoever he went.

14 He also put garrisons in Edom. In all of Edom he put garrisons, so it was that all Edom belonged to David as servants, and Yahweh preserved David everywhere he went.

14 וַיָּשֶׂם בֶּאֱדוֹם נְצִבִים בְּכָל-אֱדוֹם שָׂם נְצִבִיםAO וַיְהִי כָל-אֱדוֹם עֲבָדִים לְדָוִד וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהוָה אֶת-דָּוִד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָךְ:

18:13 וַיָּשֶׂם בֶּאֱדוֹם נְצִיבִים X X
X X
וַיִּהְיוּ כָל-אֱדוֹם עֲבָדִים לְדָוִיד וַיּוֹשַׁע יְהוָה אֶת-דָּוִיד בְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר הָלָךְ:

18:13 He also put garrisons in Edom. So it was that all Edom belonged to David as servants, and Yahweh preserved David everywhere he went.

15 Καὶ ἐβασίλ­ευσεν Δαυιδ ἐπὶ XAP Ισραηλ, καὶ ἦν Δαυιδ ποιῶν κρίμα καὶ δικαι­οσύνην ἐπὶ πάντα τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ.

15 And David reigned over all Israel: and David wrought judgment and justice over all his people.

15 And David reigned over all Israel: and David did judgment and justice to all his people.

15 And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people.

15 So David reigned over all Israel, and it happened that David executed justice and righteousness for all his people,

15 וַיִּמְלֹךְ דָּוִד עַל-כָּל-יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְהִי דָוִד עֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה לְכָל-עַמּוֹ:AQ

18:14 וַיִּמְלֹךְ דָּוִיד עַל-כָּל-יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיְהִי X עֹשֶׂה מִשְׁפָּט וּצְדָקָה לְכָל-עַמּוֹ:

18:14 So David reigned over all Israel, and he was executing justice and righteousness for all his people,

16 καὶ Ιωαβ υἱὸς Σαρουιας ἐπὶ τῆς στρατιᾶς, καὶ Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς ΑχιαAR ἐπὶ τῶν ὑπομνημάτων,

16 And Joab the son of Saruia was over the host; and Josaphat the son of Achilud was keeper of the records.

16 And Joab the son Sarvia was over the army: and Josaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder:

16 And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehosha­phat the son of Ahilud was recorder;

16 and Joab son of Tseru­iah was over the army, and Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was librarian,

16 וְיוֹאָב בֶּן- צְרוּיָה עַל- הַצָּבָא וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן-אֲחִילוּד מַזְכִּיר:

18:15 וְיוֹאָב בֶּן- צְרוּיָה עַל- הַצָּבָא וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בֶּן-אֲחִילוּד מַזְכִּיר:

18:15 and Joab son of Tseruiah was over the army, and Jehosha­phat son of Ahilud was librarian,

17 καὶ Σαδδουκ υἱὸς Αχιτωβ καὶ Αχιμελεχ υἱὸς Αβιαθαρ ἱερεῖς, καὶ ΑσαAS ὁ γραμματεύς,

17 And Sadoc the son of Achitob, and Achimelech son of Abiathar, were priests; and SasaAT was the scribe,

17 And Sadoc the son of Achitob, and Achimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests: and Saraias was the scribe:

17 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe;

17 and Zadok son of Achitub and Achi­melek son of Abiathar were priests, and Seraiah was secretary,

17 וְצָדוֹק בֶּן-אֲחִיטוּב וַאֲחִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן- אֶבְיָתָר כֹּהֲנִים וּשְׂרָיָה סוֹפֵר:

18:16 וְצָדוֹק בֶּן-אֲחִיטוּב וַאֲבִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן- אֶבְיָתָר כֹּהֲנִים וְשַׁוְשָׁא סוֹפֵר:

18:16 and Zadok son of Achitub and Achi­melek son of Abiathar were priests, and Shavsha was secretary,

18 καὶ Βαναιας υἱὸς Ιωδαε [σύμβουλος], καὶ ὁ χελεθθι καὶ ὁ φελεττι· καὶ υἱοὶ Δαυιδ αὐλάρχαι ἦσαν.

18 and Banaeas son of Jodae was [councillor], and the Chele­thite and the Phelethite, and the sons of David, were princes [of the court].

18 And Banaias the son of Joiada was [over] the Cerethi and Phelethi: and the sons of David were the princes.

18 And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pele­thites; and Da­vid's sons were chief [ruler]s.

18 and Benaiah son of Jehoiada {was over} both the Cerethites and the Pelethites, and the sons of David were {chieftains}.

18 וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן-יְהוֹיָדָעAU וְהַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וּבְנֵי דָוִד כֹּהֲנִיםAV הָיוּ: פ

18:17 וּבְנָיָהוּ בֶּן-יְהוֹיָדָע עַל-הַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי וּבְנֵי- דָוִיד הָרִאשֹׁנִים לְיַד הַמֶּלֶךְ: פ

18:17 and Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Cerethites and the Peleth­ites, and the sons of David were chieftains at the hand of the king.


11 Samuel 14:47 “...Saul was selected for the kingdom over Israel, and he fought against all its enemies round about: against Moab, and against the descendants of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the king of Tsobah, and against the Philistines, and in everything that he faced, he brought deliverance.” (NAW)

2Andrew Willett: “Iunius commeth neerer the sense, taking Ammah here for the proper name of an hill among the Philistims, where Gath stood: of which word Amma, and Gor, or Gerar commeth the word Amgar, the name of an hilly tract among the Philistims, whereof Plinie maketh mention, lib. 5. c. 13. So then by the bridle of Ammah, is vnderstood Gath, the cheife citie in that hilly coast of the Philistims, which was as a bridle, and defence, and fort vnto all the countrey.”

3Matthew Henry (following Osiander, Vatabulus, and Pellican, Junius, and Willett) thought that instead the measuring lines were survey-boundary lines, meaning that David had the country of the Moabites divided in thirds by a geological survey and two thirds wiped out by the army. This is certainly one of the meanings of hebel, but Lightfoot, JFB, K&D, Goldman, and the English translations support the view I expressed above.

4"But he shall not multiply horses for himself, nor cause the people to return to Egypt to multiply horses, for the LORD has said to you, `You shall not return that way again.’” (NKJV)

5Psalm 60:1 “A Michtam of David. When he fought against Mesopotamia and Syria of Zobah, and Joab returned and killed twelve thousand Edomites in the Valley of Salt.”
Psalm 108:9 Moab is My washpot; Over Edom I will cast My shoe; Over Philistia I will triumph."
Psalm 144:1 “A Psalm of David. Blessed be the LORD my Rock, Who trains my hands for war… 10 The One who gives salvation to kings, Who delivers David His servant From the deadly sword.” (NKJV)

6The two oldest manuscripts of this passage contain a note that later, during the reign of David’s grandson Rehoboam, King Shishaq of Egypt attacked Jerusalem and confiscated these same gold shields.

7Matt. 23:23 “... y’all are tithing your mint and your dill and your cumin... it is necessary to do these things...” (NAW)

8Deut. 12:6 “And thither ye shall bring your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, and your tithes, and heave offerings of your hand, and your vows, and your freewill offerings, and the firstlings of your herds and of your flocks… 11... thither shall ye bring all that I command you; your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices, your tithes, and the heave offering of your hand, and all your choice vows which ye vow unto the LORD:… 17 Thou mayest not eat within thy gates the tithe of thy corn, or of thy wine, or of thy oil, or the firstlings of thy herds or of thy flock, nor any of thy vows which thou vowest, nor thy freewill offerings, or heave offering of thine hand:”
2Chron. 31:12 “And brought in the offerings and the tithes and the dedicated things faithfully”
Malachi 3:8 “Will a man rob God? Yet ye have robbed me. But ye say, Wherein have we robbed thee? In tithes and offerings.”

AMy original chart includes the NASB and NIV, but their copyright restrictions have forced me to remove them from the publicly-available edition of this chart. I have included the ESV in footnotes when it employs a word not already used by the KJV, NASB, or NIV. (NAW is my translation.) When a translation adds words not in the Hebrew text, but does not indicate it has done so by the use of italics (or greyed-out text), I put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a wording which is different from all the other translations, I underline it. When a version chooses a translation which, in my opinion, either departs too far from the root meaning of the Hebrew word or departs too far from the grammar form of the original text, I use strikeout. And when a version omits a word which is in the original text, I insert an X. (I also place an X at the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English translation is singular.) I occasionally use colors to help the reader see correlations between the various editions and versions when there are more than two different translations of a given word. The only known Dead Sea Scroll containing 2 Samuel 8 is 4Q51Samuela, which contains fragments of vs. 1-8, and which has been dated between 50-25 B.C. Where the DSS is legible and in agreement with the MT, the MT is colored purple. Where the DSS supports the LXX (or Vulgate) with omissions or text not in the MT, I have highlighted with yellow the LXX and its translation into English, and where I have accepted that into my NAW translation, I have marked it with {pointed brackets}.

BI have marked up the parallel passage in the MT of 1 Chronicles by placing a capital X where a whole word found in the 2Sam text is not found in the 1Chr text, a lower case “x” when a letter of a word is in 2Sam but not 1Chr, grey text to indicate words in the 1Chr text not found in 2Sam, and orange text to indicate words where a synonym was substituted.

CSyriac = “Ramoth gammah,” Targums = ‎ תִקֻון אַמְתָא (“repair of the cubit” or, as Willet translated it “commodity of the river”), LXX = tribute. K&D “bridle of the mother” as in mother-city of Philistia.

DDSS ddmw Jra (without the directional he on “land” and turning the verb “measured” into the participle “measuring” – neither of which changes the meaning. Targums and Syriac, however, appear to read “he anointed,” and the LXX reads “were.”

ETargums and Syriac support the MT, but LXX reads “two” and Vulgate reads “one” instead.
“[L]et the line of mercy be stretched to the utmost in favorem vitae - so as to favour life.” ~Matthew Henry

FDSS is obliterated at this point, but there is space between legible parts of this verse for an extra word not in the MT, enough space for the word השלישי “the third,” but where are people getting that word from?

GDSS reads wyhyw “they became,” as opposed to the MT “she became.” LXX and Vulgate follow the MT with the singular, but Targums, Syriac, Geneva, KJV, NASB, NIV, NET, and ESV follow the DSS with the plural, as does the 1 Chronicles parallel verse, but there is no difference in meaning, since the subject “Moab” works with either.

HTargums and MT of 1 Chron 18 support the MT “HDDEZR,” but it is curious that the Syriac, Septuagint, and Vulgate all read HDREZR. The Hebrew R and D are very similar visually, but why would it be the same in ALL the ancient versions? Curiously, the Targums and Syriac of 1 Chron. 18 also read HDR... as opposed to the MT, and the LXX of 1 Chron. is consistent with HDR... but in v.8, the DSS is legible at this name and spells it with the MT “HDD…” It doesn’t change the story, though; it’s just a dispute over how to spell a name, which is very common.

IJFB interpreted “he” as David, but K&D argued convincingly that it meant Hadadezar, and Goldman concurred.

JThe parallel passage in 1 Chron. 18 has one character different in the word, changing השיב cause to turn” to הציב cause to stand.” The Greek versions (LXX = epistasei “stand up” and Symmachus στησαι “stand”) read as though they were looking at that word. Syriac reads דנהפך (?), and Targums support the MT with‎ לְאַשׁנָאָה to return.”

KThe MT ends with a hyphen after “river,” as though another word were intended to be written but wasn’t. The Qere there suggests adding פרת, an addition which is in the parallel passage in 1 Chron. 18, as well as in multiple other Hebrew manuscripts of 2 Sam. 8 (as well as the Targums and Syriac). LXX and Vulgate also read with the addition “Euphrates.”

LVaticanus uses a singular 3rd person pronoun matching the MT, whereas the LXX uses a plural form, but the LXX uses the genitive-ablative case matching the MT preposition “from,” whereas the Vaticanus changes it to a dative-locative case denoting “in.”

MLXX adds “chariots,” fitting the DSS which has a short word that starts with ר, which is the first letter of the Hebrew word for “chariots” also found in the parallel account in 1 Chron. KJV, NIV, and NLT follow this track. The Syriac, Targums, and Vulgate, however, follow the MT here with 1,700 horsemen, followed by Geneva, ASV/NASB, RV/ESV, and CEV.

NLXX, Old Latin, and 1 Chron. 18 read 7,000. No disagreement with the LXX in versions by Aquila and Symmachus is recorded in Fields’ Hexapla. Syriac, Targums, and Vulgate, however, read 700 with the MT. Unfortunately, the DSS is illegible at this point and unable to break the tie.

OSyriac, LXX, and Vulgate read Hadarezer instead of the MT’s (and Targums’) Hadadezer. There is no indication that the later Greek versions (such as Aquila or Symmachus) preferred the MT spelling of this name over the LXX.

PTargums, Syriac, LXX, and Vulgate read Hadarezer instead of the MT’s Hadadezer.

QDSS and 1 Chron. omit the lamed preposition, but this doesn’t change the meaning.

RThese would be small, round shields. Only here, 2 Ki. 11:10; 1 Chr. 18:7; 2 Chr. 23:9; Cant. 4:4; Jer. 51:11; & Ezek. 27:11

SLXX, Targums, Syriac, and the parallel passage in 1 Chron. all use the preposition “on” which is practically synonymous.

TSyriac, LXX, and Vulgate read Hadarezer instead of MT (and Targums’) Hadadezer. There is no indication that the later Greek versions (such as Aquila or Symmachus) preferred the MT spelling of this name over the LXX.

UDSS adds xxבימי רחבעם בן שלו xxxxxעלותו אל ירx xxxxx xxx xxxx xxx xxגם אותם ל , which exactly matches the LXX text. This clearly seems to be a late editor’s note, but if it is in the oldest manuscripts, it seems to have been removed due to modern editorial prejudice.

VTargums, Syriac, LXX, and Vulgate read Hadarezer instead of the MT’s Hadadezer.

WSyriac, Septuagint, and 1 Chron. (MT, LXX, Syr, Targ) reverse the order of the first two letters in this proper noun.

XThe DSS, LSS, Syriac, Vulgate and Targums, along with the NASB and NIV and the parallel passage in 1 Chron. do not have a definite article here like the MT of this verse does. The difference in meaning between “David took the very great amount of brass” and “David took a very great amount of brass” is negligible, however.

YThe last vowel doesn’t seem to be important in this name. It is spelled as though it doesn’t exist (To’) or as a sureq (Tou) in 1 Chron. and in most of the versions. The Targums alone support the MT. The DSS is illegible at this point.

ZLXX, Syriac, and Vulgate all spell HDR...

AASyriac, LXX, Vulgate, and Targums all spell HDR...

ABThe versions of the parallel passage in 1 Chronicles 18 lend support to this spelling.

ACAquila and also Symmachus followed the MT in their Greek versions with πολεμων (“wars”).

ADThis preposition is in the MT but not in the LXX.

AESyriac, LXX, and Vulgate all read HDR… in both instances of this word in this verse.

AFQere = לִשְׁאָל-לוֹ

AGSyriac, LXX, Targums and Vulgate all read HDR… in both instances of this word in this verse.

AHTargum follows MT here, but LXX reads Ιδουραμ and Syriac “Joram”

AISyriac & Targums read עממים peoples”

AJEdom and Aram look extremely similar in Hebrew. LXX and Syriac and the parallel passage in 1 Chron. 18 (MT as well as all versions of it) read Edom/Idumea, and NIV, ESV, and NLT went with that, whereas Targums and Vulgate of 2 Sam. 8 support the MT there, and Geneva, KJV, RV, N/ASB, NET support the MT here.

AKThis is just a transliteration of the Hebrew word which the LXX editors recognized (rightly) as a proper noun.

ALCuriously, the Syriac and Targums mention “serving David there” at this point.

AMcf. Phil. 2:9 “Therefore God also has highly exalted Him and given Him the name which is above every name” (NKJV)

ANThe LXX (and later versions by Aquila and Symmachus), Syriac, and even several Hebrew manuscripts read “Edom” instead of “Aram” (the two words look very similar in Hebrew), and the parallel passages in 1 Chronicles 18 and Psalm 60:1 (including all versions of them) also read Edom instead of Aram (or in the case of the LXX of Psalm 60, don’t say either, which still doesn’t support “Aram” as the reading). The circumstances in number and location are singular enough to warrant concluding that only one or the other location is accurate. The circumstance of persons involved in the attack, however, could all be true at once, although 2 Samuel only mentions David, Psalm 60 only mentions Joab, and 1 Chronicles only mentions Abishai.

AOOld Latin, Syriac, LXX, and 1 Chron. 18 omit these words. Since they are redundant to the opening phrase of the verse, no meaning is lost in the omission.

APVaticanus supplies παντα “all” in conformance with the MT.

AQcf. Jer. 23:5-6 "Behold, the days are coming," says the LORD, "That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; A King shall reign and prosper, And execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In His days Judah will be saved, And Israel will dwell safely; Now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.” (NKJV)

ARVaticanus supplies the last syllable in this man’s name in conformance with the MT. Origen’s (Acbimelec) and Lucian’s (Aceinaab) editions are just wacky.

ASSymmachus supported this spelling.

ATThis reflects the Vaticanus spelling which added an “S” to the front of the word in the LXX, matching the name as it is spelled in the MT of 1 Chronicles 18.

AUVulgate, Targums, Syriac, and 1 Chron. insert “over” here, without which the MT does not make sense. The LXX also saw the need for an insertion, but went with “counsellor.”

AVOf the 748 times that this word cohen occurs in the Old Testament, there is not a single verse where the versions agree that “priest” cannot be the translation. This is the only time in the NASB when this word is not translated “priest.” The fact that the Targums (‎רַברְבִין), Septuagint (αὐλάρχαι), Syriac (‎רורבין), all follow the 1 Chronicles passage which uses the word “chiefs/heads,” indicates that is the better way.

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