Sermon & Translation by Nate Wilson For Christ The Redeemer Church Manhattan KS, 23 July 2006, updated 24 Dec 2023
The beginning of Isaiah chapter 2 gives a picture of heaven, and again in chapter 4, we get a glimpse of that glorious life, but here in chapter 4, we see things which are already beginning to be fulfilled today in the church!
The first verse of chapter 4 really belongs with chapter 3, so we will start at verse two with the phrase “in that day,” indicating a new section.
2. In that day
the branch of Yahweh shall be
beautiful and
glorious, and
the fruit of the land shall be the
majesty and
honor of
the survivors of Israel. 3.
And he who is left in Zion and
remains in Jerusalem
will be called holy,
everyone who has been recorded for life in Jerusalem, 4.
when the Lord
has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and
cleansed the bloodstains of Jerusalem from her midst
by a spirit of judgment and
by a spirit of burning. 5.
Then Yahweh will create
over the whole site of Mount Zion and
over her assemblies
a cloud by day, and
smoke and the shining of a flaming fire by night;
for over all the glory
there will be a canopy. 6.
And the booth will be
for shade by day from the heat,
and for a refuge
and a shelter from storm and from rain.
We encountered the phrase “in that day” twice in chapter 2 and twice in chapter 3, all of which spoke of “the day of the Lord” from the perspective of the disobedient. In that day when the Lord’s purposes are revealed and accomplished, it will be dismaying to the wicked because God will punish sinners. And the “day” referred to in the last chapter was fulfilled when the Chaldeans conquered Jerusalem and carried the Jews captive to Babylon.
However, the phrase “in that day” which we are looking at now in Isaiah 4 introduces the “day of the Lord” from the perspective of the righteous. For God’s people, the unveiling of God’s purposes is a glorious thing! (Four different words for “glory” show up in v.2!) The “day” spoken of here in this chapter is fulfilled in Jesus’ resurrection and institution of the church, followed by the ultimate fulfillment of the blessedness of believers in heaven.
There are seven things mentioned in Isaiah 4 to describe the blessings that God’s people will experience “in that day.” They constitute a grand and glorious hope. These are descriptions of God’s wonderful plan for us – the church. Let us meditate on these seven things and fill our minds with them that we may see them come to fruition more and more in our lives!
The first blessing is that the branch of the Lord will be beautiful and the fruit of the land will be the pride of God’s people. The “branch of the Lord” being “glorified” is key to understanding what Isaiah is talking about here. What is this “branch”?
Isaiah 11:1-5 “There will come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots will bear fruit. And the Spirit of Yahweh will settle down upon Him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of Yahweh. And He will delight in the fear of Yahweh. He will judge, but not according to the sight of His eyes, He will reprove, but not according to the hearing of His ears. Instead, He will judge the poor with righteousness, and He will reprove with equity for the lowly of the earth; and He will strike the earth with the rod of His mouth, and with the breath of His lips He will kill the wicked. Righteousness will be the belt of His waist, and faithfulness the belt of His loins.” (NAW)
Jeremiah 23:5-6 “Behold, the days come, says Jehovah, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and He shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. In His days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely; and this is the name by which he shall be called: Jehovah our righteousness.” (ASV, modified)
Romans 15:8-12 “For I say that Christ hath been made a minister of the circumcision for the truth of God, that he might confirm the promises given unto the fathers, and that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy; as it is written, ‘Therefore will I give praise unto thee among the Gentiles, And sing unto thy name.’ And again he says, ‘Rejoice, you Gentiles, with His people.’ And again, ‘Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles; And let all the peoples praise Him.’ And again, Isaiah says, ‘There shall be the root of Jesse, And He that rises to rule over the Gentiles; On Him shall the Gentiles hope.’” (ASV)
Can there be any question remaining that this “branch of the LORD” is Jesus? Even the Jews in their Targum commentary recognize that this is speaking of the “Messiah”! Jesus is the One for whom “righteousness” is the chief characteristic, the One who changes things by His “word”, the One who brings “salvation” to His people, the One in whom we “trust.”
So, what about the “the fruit of the land” in v.2?
Does it mean that, when God makes everything right, His people will start boasting that they have better grapefruit than everybody else?
The meaning comes clear when we apply a principle of Hebrew poetry here: Isaiah writes in a combination of prose and poetry. His writing includes all sorts of poetic devices such as onomatopoeia, alliteration, plays on words, meter, repetition, homonyms, synonyms, allusions – all kinds of stuff that make for fascinating reading in Hebrew. But one thing that is common to all Hebrew poetry is a basic pattern of lines where a statement is made in one line and a correlating statement is made in the subsequent line. This is called parallelism.
Here in verse two, we have a case where an understanding of Hebrew parallelism can help us interpret the meaning. If we realize that we are reading two parallel statements about the same subject, we can see what Isaiah is getting at. “The branch of Jehovah will be beautiful and glorious” is saying the same thing as “the fruit of the land shall be the pride and honor of the Israelites who survive.” Our understanding of “the branch of Jehovah” can help us interpret the meaning of “the fruit of the land.” They go together and explain each other!
But how could Jesus be called the “fruit of the land?” I believe that this is speaking of Jesus’ dual nature: He is both the “Lord’s branch” and the “earth’s fruit.” He is God who came down from the Father, yet He is the fruit of Mary’s womb. Truly God and truly man.
This is what we confess in our creeds, especially the one from Chalcedon stating that Jesus is “of one substance with the Father as regards His Godhead and at the same time of one substance with us as regards His manhood; like us in all respects, apart from sin; as regards His Godhead, begotten of the Father before the ages, but yet as regards His manhood begotten for us humans and for our salvation of Mary the virgin, the God-bearer; one and the same Christ, Son, Lord, Only-begotten, recognized in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, and without separation…” “Branch of Jehovah… fruit of the earth,” Jesus, the God-Man.
Jesus, says Isaiah, “will be beautiful and glorious… the pride and honor of the remnant of Israel” The apostle John shows by a clear progression how Jesus was indeed “glorified” by His death and resurrection:
John 11:4 “But when Jesus heard [that Lazarus was sick] He said, ‘This illness does not lead to death. It is for the glory of God, so that the Son of God may be glorified through it.’” (ESV) [Jesus went back to Judea to raise Lazarus from the dead. The priests and Pharisees responded by calling a council and deciding to kill Jesus. So this was the beginning of the chain of events that led to Jesus’ death.]
John 12:16 [As Jesus entered Jerusalem and the crowds waved palm branches and shouted “Hosanna”] “His disciples did not understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things had been written about him and had been done to him.” (ESV) [So we can infer that Jesus was glorified after the triumphal entry.]
John 12:23-24 “And Jesus answered them, ‘The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified. Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it bears much fruit.” (ESV)
John 13:31 “When he [Judas] had gone out, Jesus said, ‘Now is the Son of Man glorified, and God is glorified in him.” (ESV) [Jesus would be crucified within 24 hours.]
John 17:1 “When Jesus had spoken these words, he lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, ‘Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son that the Son may glorify you” (ESV) [This was His prayer in the garden of Gethsemane just before being captured.]
John 7:39b, “the Spirit had not been given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.” (ESV) [Jesus was glorified by His death and resurrection before the Holy Spirit came in Acts 2.]
Back in Isaiah chapters 2 and 3, people were exalting all sorts of other things and being proud in themselves. Here we see that God’s people who remain after the judgment are people who take pride in Christ alone.
So, here’s the question for you: “What do you take pride in?”
What are the things you display on your walls to impress your guests?
When you are around other people, what is it that you like to show off?
What kinds of things do you post on social media?
These are the things you take pride in.
Is Jesus your ‘pride’ and ‘glory’?” Is He “beautiful” to you? Do you count it an “honor” to belong to and be identified with Him?
The New Testament Apostles wrote in:
1 Corinthians 4:7 “...what do you have which you did not receive, and if you received, what are you boasting about as though you had not received?” (NAW)
“Therefore, as it is written, ‘Let the one who boasts, boast in the Lord.’” (1 Cor. 1:31, NIV || 2 Cor. 10:17)
And in Hebrews 3:6 “...we are [Christ’s house], if we hold fast our confidence and the boast of our hope firm until the end.” (NASB)
How do we “boast in the Lord and glory in our hope”?
By testifying of His saving Grace in your own life.
“I am a sinner totally undeserving of God’s favor but saved by His GRACE.”
“That in the ages to come he might show the incomparable riches of his grace, expressed in his kindness to us in Christ Jesus” (Ephesians 2:7, NIV)
We “boast in the Lord” and “glory in our hope” by directing glory to Him rather than drawing attention to ourselves and our possessions.
This can show up in what we hang on our walls or display in our homes and offices, or post online, how we dress, and how we spend our free time.
Do these things feed into God’s glory or do they feed into making us look better? (This, by the way, is not always easy to tell, because two people can do the exact same thing, one with the purpose of bringing glory to God, another with the purpose of bringing glory to themselves, so be careful about assuming what other’s motives are, but do examine your motives.)
We can also “boast in the Lord and glory in our hope” by delighting ourselves in Him and being thankful and content with His provision for our lives.
If we are satisfied in Christ and aren’t looking for something more, that makes a powerful statement.
“I have found what I am looking for, and I want nothing more than to see Jesus in heaven. Nothing else will satisfy me, and in that hope I am content to wait!”
“Forbid it Lord that I should boast, save in the death of Christ my Lord. All the vain things that charm me most, I sacrifice them to His blood” (“When I Survey the Wondrous Cross” by Isaac Watts)
ILLUSTRATION:
Testimony of John Newton
His
tombstone in Olney, England reads: “John
Newton, Clerk: once an infidel and libertine, a servant of slaves
in Africa, was by the rich mercy of our Lord and Saviour Jesus
Christ preserved, restored, pardoned, and appointed to preach
the faith he had long laboured to destroy.”
“This
miserable seaman was brought to his senses by reading Thomas a
Kempis’ book, Imitation
of Christ.
His actual conversion was the result of a violent storm in which he
almost lost his life. At the age of 39, John Newton became a
minister and gave the rest of this life to serving God… During
the 15 years he was the pastor at Olney, he wrote many hymns,1”
the best-known being “Amazing Grace, how sweet the sound that
saved a wretch like me.” That
was his
testimony.
And
he
continued to testify
about Jesus into
his
old
age, even despite dementia. Late in his life he made the famous
quote, “My
memory is nearly gone, but I remember two things: 1) that I
am a great sinner,
and 2) that Christ
is a great Saviour!”
I took a long time on this first point, but the other six blessings should go more quickly:
They are what is left after the smelting furnace (talked about in chapters 1-3) has burned up and skimmed off all the trash. Which means they are the pure silver, the desirable stuff.
In a near sense of fulfillment, these are people like Mary and Joseph, whose families survived the Chaldean siege of Jerusalem, survived the Babylonian captivity, and returned to Jerusalem to rebuild and have godly children.
God’s people are still a “remnant.” Those of us who believe in Jesus and are living on this earth are those who have either escaped from a life of destructive sin by God’s gracious intervention in our lives, or we have come from families that have survived wars and judgments of God and yet have not been lured off the path of God’s word.
If you are a Christian, you are part of a remnant that God is preserving for His glory!
Notice, they weren’t holy to begin with, but “it will be said unto them” that they are “holy.”
“Holy” means “set apart, different, not common.” It implies a personal relationship with God.
When God chooses a person for Himself, He says to us that we are no longer like the rest of the world, and we are now to be oriented towards doing His holy will and not toward what everybody else is doing. And He treats us as special in relation to Him.
Do you know that God keeps a book with our names written in it?
Exodus 32:33 “And Jehovah said unto Moses, ‘Whosoever has sinned against me, him will I blot out of my book.’” (ASV)
Psalm 69:28 “Let them be blotted out of the book of life, And not be written with the righteous.” (ASV)
Psalm 139:16 “Your eyes saw my unformed substance; And in Your book they were all written, Even the days that were ordained for me...” (ASV, modified)
Daniel 12:1 “...there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since... and at that time Your people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book.” (ASV, modified)
Malachi 3:16-17 “Then those who feared Jehovah spoke one with another; and Jehovah took heed, and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him, for those who feared Jehovah, and that thought upon His name. ‘And they shall be mine,’ said Jehovah of hosts, ‘even my own possession, in the day that I make; and I will spare them, as a man spares his own son that serves him.’” (ASV)
Revelation 3:5 “He that overcomes [the remnant!] shall be arrayed in white garments; and I will in no wise blot his name out of the book of life, and I will confess his name before my Father, and before His angels.” (ASV, modified)
Revelation 20:12 “And I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne; and books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books...” (ASV)
Revelation 21:2 “And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven of God, made ready as a bride adorned for her husband… 27 and there shall never enter into it anything unclean, or he that makes an abomination or a lie: but only those who are written in the Lamb's book of life.”
You see, before the world was created, God “wrote down” all the names of the persons on which He wanted to lavish His love. Whoever is not in that book will not have everlasting life. But if you love Jesus and find in Him your delight and find joy in obeying Him, then you can be assured that you are in the Book of Life. God has chosen you because He loves you and wants to have a special relationship with you and bless you with every blessing He can muster. Believe it!
Jesus will be a glory to His people, they will be a remnant, they will be called holy, they will be written in the book of life, and...
Zachariah 13:1-2 “In that day there shall be a fountain opened to the house of David and to the inhabitants of Jerusalem, for sin and for uncleanness. And it shall come to pass in that day, says Jehovah of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they shall no more be remembered; and also I will cause the prophets and the unclean spirit to pass out of the land.” (ASV)
The “filth” of “the daughters of Zion” will be “washed” off! Those wretched women in chapter 2 – who were in bondage to their bangles and struck with scabs, full of shame and misery and loneliness – they will be clean and desirable again because God will wash them!
Note that it is the same word “Lord” as the “Lord” who took away their blessings in chapter 3, verses 1 & 17.
Likewise, the “blood-guilt” from the men of Jerusalem will be cleansed. Those wretched men who denied justice and selfishly took money and hurt others – all clean. No longer guilty!
The life of God’s people is a “clean” life, not one bogged down by guilt and fear of punishment and addictions that drag us down. This is the life!
“A spirit of burning and of judgment” is not exactly like having a good-ol’-boy to hang out with. It’s not comfortable, but the Holy Spirit keeps us in the good life by getting rid of sin and holding us in fellowship with God.
It is a blessing to have the Holy Spirit help us! He pricks our conscience when we do what God hates and leads us to repent of our sin so that we have no barriers to joyful fellowship with our God.
God’s people will live a life that is shaded, protected, secure, brilliant, and glorious!
This verse contains an allusion to the time of the Exodus, when the children of Israel were wandering through the desert and God guided them and protected them with His special presence, which appeared as a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire at night.
Zachariah 2:5 “I, Jehovah, will be unto her [Jerusalem] a wall of fire round about, and I will be the glory in the midst of her.” (ASV)
“Over all the glory there will be a canopy” say Isaiah in v.5.
The Chupa is a canopy used by Jews at weddings. It serves both to draw attention to the glory of the main event and to provide shade and shelter for the VIP’s.
The word “glory” here refers chiastically back to the word “glory” in v. 2.
This may also be the “glory” of the “branch of Jehovah” – Jesus. Notice how the apocalyptic books of the Bible describe a sort of covering over the top of Jesus when they describe His heavenly glory:
Ezekiel 1:22-28 “...upon the likeness of the throne was a likeness as the appearance of a man upon it above... and there was brightness round about Him. As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of Jehovah….” (ASV)
Revelation 4:2 “Straightway I was in the Spirit: and behold, there was a throne set in heaven, and one sitting upon the throne; and He that sat looked like a jasper stone and a sardius: and there was a rainbow round about the throne, like an emerald to look upon.” (ASV)
Isaiah 4:6 describes the “canopy” in more detail, as a “shade-booth” and a “storm shelter.”
“The Branch” has now become a woven nest of branches that provides “relief” and rest on a “hot” summer day.
Jesus is also pictured as a “shelter” that keeps us dry and safe in the midst of a raging storm.
How would you like to be outside in the rain on a winter day like this? With the exception of some boys I know, most of us would rather be dry and cozy inside the building. That’s what Jesus does for us, He provides security and comfort because we know He is protecting us.
What about when it’s the heat of the summer, and you get sticky with sweat within seconds of stepping outside? How does it feel when you step back in, into the air conditioning? Wow, suddenly soothed and able to rest, right? That is what Jesus does, He offers rest unto our souls and protection from the stress of life as we trust that He is in control of everything in our lives!
If you are not a believer in Jesus – and He is not your pride and glory, you are not living the good life. This is a call to align yourself with Jesus, step away from the filth you’ve been living in, and ask God for the cleansing He offers.
The life that He promises to those who believe in Him is the only life that is satisfying because it was designed by the Creator who made us and who knows exactly what fulfills the desires of the human soul that He created.
If you are a believer, then you have been given a glorious life. Revel in it!
Show the world how blessed you are!
Choose to be content with what God is doing in your life,
and keep resting in faith on Jesus.
Take pride in Jesus,
keep persevering,
cultivate holiness,
accept the work of the Holy Spirit in your life to weed out sins,
and look forward to the glorious life that you will share with Jesus in heaven for eternity!
Septuagint (Rahlfs ed.) |
Brenton (based on Vaticanus) |
Douay |
ESV |
NIV |
NASB (1995) |
KJV (1769) |
NAWB |
MTC |
Bauscher (Based on Peshitta) |
1 καὶ ἐπιλήμψονται ἑπτὰ γυναῖκες ἀνθρώπου ἑνὸς X X X λέγουσαι Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν φαγόμεθα καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἡμῶν περιβαλούμεθα, πλὴν τὸ ὄνομα τὸ σὸν κεκλήσθω ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἄφελε τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν ἡμῶν. |
1 And seven women shall take hold of one man X X X, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own raiment: only let thy name be called upon us, [and] take away our reproach. |
1 And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying: We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, take away our reproach. |
1 And seven women shall take hold of one man in that day, saying, “We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes, only let us be called by your name; take away our reproach.” |
1
X In that day seven women will take hold of one man and say, "We
will eat our own food and |
1 For seven women will take hold of one man in that day, saying, "We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes, only let us be called by your name; take away our reproach!" |
1 And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, [to] take away our reproach. |
1 And seven women shall take hold of one man in that day saying, “We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes. Only let us be called by your name; take away our reproach!” |
וְהֶחֱזִ֩יקוּ֩D שֶׁ֨בַע נָשִׁ֜ים בְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד Eבַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לַחְמֵ֣נוּF נֹאכֵ֔ל וְשִׂמְלָתֵ֖נוּ נִלְבָּ֑שׁ רַ֗ק יִקָּרֵ֤א שִׁמְךָ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אֱסֹ֖ף חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃G |
1 And seven women shall seize one man in that day, [and] they shall say [to him]: “We will eat our bread and we will wear our clothes, only let us be called by your name [and] take away our shame!” |
2
Τῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ |
2
And in that day X X X |
2 In that day the bud of the Lord shall be in magnificence and glory, and the fruit of the earth shall be high, and a great joy to them that shall have escaped of Israel. |
2 In that day the branch of the LORD shall be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the land shall be the pride and honor of the survivors of Israel. |
2 In that day the Branch of the LORD will be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the land will be the pride and glory of the survivors in Israel. |
2 In that day the Branch of the LORD will be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the earth will be the pride and the adornment of the survivors of Israel. |
2 In that day shall the branch of the LORD be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely for them that are escaped of Israel. |
2 In that day the branch of Yahweh shall be beautiful and glorious, and the fruit of the land shall be the majesty and honor of the survivors of Israel. |
בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ צֶ֣מַחI יְהֹוָ֔ה לִצְבִ֖י וּלְכָב֑וֹדJ וּפְרִ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙K לְגָא֣וֹן וּלְתִפְאֶ֔רֶת לִפְלֵיטַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽלL׃ |
2
In
that day shall be the |
3 καὶ ἔσται τὸ ὑπολειφθὲν ἐν Σιων καὶ τὸ καταλειφθὲν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἅγιοι κληθήσονται, πάντες οἱ γραφέντες εἰς ζωὴν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ· |
3
And it shall be, that the remnant left in Sion, and the remnant
left in Jerusalem, [even] all that are |
3 And it shall come to pass, that every one that shall be left in Sion, and that shall remain in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, every one that is written in life in Jerusalem. |
3 And X X he who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy, everyone who has been recorded for life in Jerusalem, |
3
X X X Th |
3 X It will come about that he who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy—everyone who is recorded for life in Jerusalem. |
3 And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remain-eth in Jerusalem, shall be called holy, even every one that is written among the living in Jerusalem: |
3 And it shall be that he who is left in Zion and who remains in Jerusalem will be called holy, everyone who has been recorded for life in Jerusalem, |
וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ הַנִּשְׁאָ֣ר בְּצִיּ֗וֹן וְהַנּוֹתָר֙N בִּיר֣וּשָׁלַ֔͏ִם קָד֖וֹשׁO יֵאָ֣מֶר ל֑וֹ כׇּל־הַכָּת֥וּב לַחַיִּ֖יםP בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִםQ׃ |
3 And whoever shall be left in Zion and whoever is left in Jerusalem will be called holy, everyone who is written in Jerusalem with the living |
4
ὅτι ἐκπλυνεῖ κύριος τὸν ῥύπον
τῶν [υἱῶν καὶ τῶν] θυγατέρων Σιων
καὶ τὸ αἷμα X ἐκκαθαριεῖ
ἐκ μέσου αὐτ |
4
For the Lord shall wash away the filth of the [sons and]
daughters of Sion, and shall purge
out the blood X X from
the midst of |
4 If the Lord shall wash away the filth of the daughters of Sion, and shall wash away the blood of Jerusalem out of the midst thereof, by the spirit of judgment, and by the spirit of burning. |
4 when the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and cleansed the bloodstains of Jerusalem from its midst by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning. |
4
X The Lord will wash away the filth of the |
4 When the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and purged the bloodshed of Jerusalem from her midst, by the spirit of judgment and the spirit of burning, |
4 When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof by the spirit of judgment, and by the spirit of burning. |
4 when the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and cleansed the bloodstains of Jerusalem from her midst by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning. |
אִ֣ם ׀ רָחַ֣ץ אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֚ת צֹאַ֣תR בְּנוֹת־צִיּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֥יS יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם יָדִ֣יחַ מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ בְּר֥וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבְר֥וּחַ בָּעֵֽרT׃ |
4
|
5
καὶ |
5
And he shall |
5 And the Lord will
create upon every place
of mount Sion, and |
5 Then the LORD will create over the whole site of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there will be a canopy. |
5
Then the LORD will create over all X
of Mount Zion and over those who assemble |
5 then the LORD will create over the whole area of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, even smoke, and the brightness of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory will be a canopy. |
5 And the LORD will create upon every dwelling place of mount Zion, and upon her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory shall be a defence. |
5 Then Yahweh will create over the whole site of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there will be a canopy. |
וּבָרָ֣אW
יְהֹוָ֡ה עַל֩ כׇּל־מְכ֨וֹן
הַר־צִיּ֜וֹן
וְעַל־ |
5
And
JEHOVAH
shall create over the entire foundation
of the Mountain of Zion, over its |
6 καὶ X ἔσται εἰς σκιὰν X ἀπὸ καύματος καὶ ἐν σκέπῃ καὶ ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ ἀπὸ σκληρότητος καὶ ὑετοῦ. |
6
And |
6 And there shall be a tabernacle for a shade in the daytime from the heat, and for a security and covert from the whirlwind, and from rain. |
6 X There will be a booth for shade by day from the heat, and for a refuge and a shelter from the storm and rain. |
6
X It will be a shelter
|
6 X There will be a shelter to give shade from the heat by day, and refuge and protection from the storm and the rain. |
6 And there shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in the daytime from the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a covert from storm and from rain. |
6 And the booth will be for shade by day from the heat, and for a refuge and a shelter from storm and from rain. |
וְסֻכָּ֛ה AAתִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְצֵל־יוֹמָ֖ם ABמֵחֹ֑רֶב וּלְמַחְסֶה֙ וּלְמִסְתּ֔וֹר מִזֶּ֖רֶם וּמִמָּטָֽרAC׃ |
6 And there shall be a shelter for the shade of the day X to cover from the heat and to shelter from the downpour and from the rain. |
1From Crusader Hymns and Hymn Stories, No. 108, by Cliff Burrows and Donald Hustad.
AWhen a translation adds words not in the Hebrew text, but does not indicate it has done so by the use of italics (or greyed-out text), I put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a wording which is different from all the other translations, I underline it. When a version chooses a translation which, in my opinion, either departs too far from the root meaning of the Hebrew word or departs too far from the grammar form of the original text, I use strikeout. And when a version omits a word which is in the original text, I insert an X. (I also place an X at the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English translation is singular.) I occasionally use colors to help the reader see correlations between the various editions and versions when there are more than two different translations of a given word.
BNAW is my translation.
CWhere this text matches the DSS (1QIsaiaha or 4Q55Isaiaha), the text is colored purple. 1Q is dated at 125 BC, and 4Q55 is dated between 50-25BC.
DThis verse is a continuation of chapter 3. DSS omits the yod (והחזקה), which might change the stem from Hiphil to Qal, but wouldn’t substantially change the meaning.
E“In that day” is explained in 2:2, 10-20, and also found in 3:7 & 18.
FThe “bread” and “clothes” are what the man did not have in 3:7.
GThis should be the end of chapter 3. The new chapter matter for 4 begins after this.
HAquilla and Theodotion corrected from the LXX (“counsel with”) to the MT with δυναμιν και (“power and”).
ILXX (ἐπιλάμψει) and Peshitta (dnchh) read “shining,” but Vulgate (germen) supports the MT and DSS “branch/shoot/sprout,” and Targum (מְשִׁיחָא) interprets this as the “Messiah.” Cf. Isa. 11:1, Jer. 23:5, Zech. 6:12, Rom. 15:12.
JNote four synonyms for “glory” here. This one will recur in v.5. This is properly-placed pride in contrast to the humanistic pride detailed in chapters 2 & 3.
KJesus’ divine and human natures are described as Him being both a “branch of God” and a “fruit of the earth.”
LDSS adds ויהודה (“and Judah”), but it is not in any other known ancient manuscript besides 1Q.
MLXX actually reads “written,” which is what the Hebrew also reads.
NTargum explains as “he who returns and gets established in Jerusalem” – i.e. the reconstruction Jews under Ezra and Nehemiah.
O“Holy” denotes a definite relationship with God, not commonly available for any other person’s purposes, and it is the result of the smelting of Chapters 1-3. It is parallel with “chosen” later in this verse. Cf. Ex. 19:4-6, 1 Pet. 2:6-10.
PTargum explains “for eternal life.” Cf. “book of life” in Ps. 69:28, 139:16, Dan. 12:1b, Mal. 3:16, Acts 13:48, Phil. 4:3, Rev. 3:5, 13:8, 20:12, 21:27.
QThat is, in the heavenly Jerusalem where saints with washed robes and whose names are in the Book of Life live with Jesus (Rev. 21:27).
RThe women’s finery in ch. 3 which the “Lord” promised to “take away” is called “filth” here, and is “washed” away. Cf. Zech 13:1-2. “Daughters of Zion… blood of Jerusalem” answers to the 2 sections on the princes of Jerusalem and the daughters of Zion in chapter 3.
SThis plural form of “bloods” indicates more than simply “blood,” but also the guilt of murder.
TMT = “burning,” DSS = “storm” (סער) – cf. “swept clean” in 3:26 and זרם in v.6., but all other ancient versions support the MT.
UAquilla, Symmachus, and Theodotion all corrected the LXX to the MT by removing the two instances of ‘ως and changing φωτος (“light”) to φεγγος (“brightness”).
VThe Hebrew denotes those who are “called” together to worship God, rather than those who “call” upon God, but the ideas are not greatly different.
WDSS throws this verb into past tense (ויברא). LXX seems to have misread the first word without the letter ר (ובא = “and he shall come”) and then misread the 3rd word, switching the vowels from יהוה (“Yahweh”) to והיה (“and he will be”), but the DSS, Vulgate and Peshitta support the MT.
XPeshitta and LXX translators were looking at a different textual tradition with סבב as its root, but DSS supports the MT text. Targum reads “the house of his majesty.” NIV interpreted the final he as locative (supported by Masoretic pointing), but all other translations, including the ancient Greek, Latin, and Syriac, translate it as a possessive feminine pronoun (“her”).
YTargum
explains this “cloud” (as well as the “covering” at the end
of the verse) as the Shekinah glory cloud that accompanied the
Hebrews in the Exodus and turned fiery at night (Num. 14:14).
Curiously, the main Dead Sea Scroll which contains this
chapter (1QIsaiaha) skips to the middle of v.6 at this
point, but the text in the MT which was skipped by the 1QIsaiah
scroll happens to be the one part of this chapter which was
preserved in the 4Q5Isaiah scroll (minus the first and last word).
The reading of the MT is also attested by the LXX, Peshitta, and
Vulgate.
ZThis is the word used for a wedding ceremony pavilion. Cf. Zech. 2:5. Delitzsch commented that the eschatological Israel will not be transient like the emergent nation was, and so its covering will be permanent instead of mobile. (Could it perhaps correlate with the rainbow in Rev. 4:3 and Ezek. 1:22 & 28?)
AAIn
the chiastic layout of this chapter, four words in this verse
denoting the place of refuge correspond to the four words in the
opening verse (v.2) denoting its glory.
Both the chuppa
at the end of v.5 and the succoh
at the beginning of v.6 are feminine, and so is the verb of being
which comes next in v.6. The feminine verb of being is not a formula
for “there will be,” but rather has one of these feminine nouns
as its subject. The Lord is the ultimate “shelter” and “refuge”
of the believer, but
the feminine verb might
point to Zion herself
becoming a place of security for others (as
she, in turn, is secured by her Lord).
ABDSS 1QIsaiaha starts v6 with this word. (See endnote Y.)
ACNo night is mentioned, so some think this is picturing heaven, where there is “no night there” (Rev. 22:5).