Isaiah 4 “This is the Life!”

Sermon & Translation by Nate Wilson For Christ The Redeemer Church Manhattan KS, 23 July 2006, updated 24 Dec 2023

INTRODUCTION

2. In that day

the branch of Yahweh shall be

beautiful and

glorious, and

the fruit of the land shall be the

majesty and

honor of

the survivors of Israel. 3.

And he who is left in Zion and

remains in Jerusalem

will be called holy,

everyone who has been recorded for life in Jerusalem, 4.

when the Lord

has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and

cleansed the bloodstains of Jerusalem from her midst

by a spirit of judgment and

by a spirit of burning. 5.

Then Yahweh will create

over the whole site of Mount Zion and

over her assemblies

a cloud by day, and

smoke and the shining of a flaming fire by night;

for over all the glory

there will be a canopy. 6.

And the booth will be

for shade by day from the heat,

and for a refuge

and a shelter from storm and from rain.


1. (v.2) Messiah will be beautiful to God’s people and will be their pride.

How do we “boast in the Lord and glory in our hope”?

2. (v.3) They are a remnant; they will survive

3. (v.3) They are going to be called “holy.”

4. (v.3) They arewritten to life.”

5. (v.4) They will be clean

6. (V.4) They will have the Holy Spirit in their midst.

7. (vs.5-6) They are covered

CONCLUSION

Isaiah 4 – Comparison of Texts and VersionsA


Septuagint (Rahlfs ed.)

Brenton (based on Vaticanus)

Douay
(Vulgate)

ESV

NIV
(1984)

NASB (1995)

KJV

(1769)

NAWB

MTC

Bauscher (Based on Peshitta)

1 καὶ ἐπι­λήμψονται ἑπτὰ γυναῖ­κες ἀνθρώ­που ἑνὸς X X X λέγου­σαι Τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν φαγόμεθα καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια ἡμῶν περι­βαλούμεθα, πλὴν τὸ ὄνομα τὸ σὸν κεκλήσ­θω ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἄφελε τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν ἡμῶν.

1 And seven women shall take hold of one man X X X, saying, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own raiment: only let thy name be called upon us, [and] take away our reproach.

1 And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying: We will eat our own bread, and wear our own apparel: only let us be called by thy name, take away our reproach.

1 And seven women shall take hold of one man in that day, saying, “We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes, only let us be called by your name; take away our reproach.”

1 X In that day seven women will take hold of one man and say, "We will eat our own food and provide our own clothes; only let us be called by your name. Take away our disgrace!"

1 For seven women will take hold of one man in that day, saying, "We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes, only let us be called by your name; take away our reproach!"

1 And in that day seven wom­en shall take hold of one man, say­ing, We will eat our own bread, and wear our own appar­el: only let us be called by thy name, [to] take away our reproach.

1 And seven women shall take hold of one man in that day saying, “We will eat our own bread and wear our own clothes. Only let us be called by your name; take away our reproach!”

וְהֶחֱזִ֩יקוּ֩D שֶׁ֨בַע נָשִׁ֜ים בְּאִ֣ישׁ אֶחָ֗ד Eבַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לַחְמֵ֣נוּF נֹאכֵ֔ל וְשִׂמְלָתֵ֖נוּ נִלְבָּ֑שׁ רַ֗ק יִקָּרֵ֤א שִׁמְךָ֙ עָלֵ֔ינוּ אֱסֹ֖ף חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃G

1 And seven women shall seize one man in that day, [and] they shall say [to him]: “We will eat our bread and we will wear our clothes, only let us be called by your name [and] take away our shame!”

2 Τῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ ἐπιλάμψει ὁ X X θεὸς X ἐν βουλῇH X μετὰ δόξης ἐπὶ X τῆς γῆς τοῦ ὑψῶσαι καὶ δοξάσαι τὸ καταλειφθὲν τοῦ Ισραηλ,

2 And in that day X X X God shall shine X gloriously X in counsel on X the earth, to exalt and glorify the remnant of Israel.

2 In that day the bud of the Lord shall be in magnificence and glory, and the fruit of the earth shall be high, and a great joy to them that shall have escaped of Israel.

2 In that day the branch of the LORD shall be beautiful and glori­ous, and the fruit of the land shall be the pride and honor of the sur­vivors of Israel.

2 In that day the Branch of the LORD will be beautiful and glori­ous, and the fruit of the land will be the pride and glory of the surviv­ors in Israel.

2 In that day the Branch of the LORD will be beautiful and glori­ous, and the fruit of the earth will be the pride and the adornment of the sur­vivors of Israel.

2 In that day shall the branch of the LORD be beautiful and glori­ous, and the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and comely for them that are escaped of Israel.

2 In that day the branch of Yahweh shall be beautiful and glori­ous, and the fruit of the land shall be the majesty and honor of the sur­vivors of Israel.

בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יִֽהְיֶה֙ צֶ֣מַחI יְהֹוָ֔ה לִצְבִ֖י וּלְכָב֑וֹדJ וּפְרִ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙K לְגָא֣וֹן וּלְתִפְאֶ֔רֶת לִפְלֵיטַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽלL׃

2 In that day shall be the dawning of JEHOVAH for praise and for honor and the fruit of the Earth, for magnifi­cence and for praise, for anything that is left of Israel

3 καὶ ἔσται τὸ ὑπολειφ­θὲν ἐν Σιων καὶ τὸ κατα­λειφθὲν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἅγιοι κληθή­σονται, πάντες οἱ γραφέντες εἰς ζωὴν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ·

3 And it shall be, that the remnant left in Sion, and the remnant left in Jerusalem, [even] all that are appointedM to life in Jeru­salem, shall be called holy.

3 And it shall come to pass, that every one that shall be left in Sion, and that shall remain in Jerusa­lem, shall be called holy, every one that is writ­ten in life in Jerusalem.

3 And X X he who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy, everyone who has been record­ed for life in Jerusalem,

3 X X X Those who are left in Zion, X who remainX in Jerusalem, will be called holy, all who are recorded among the living in Jerusalem.

3 X It will come about that he who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be cal­led holy—everyone who is recorded for life in Jerusalem.

3 And it shall come to pass, that he that is left in Zion, and he that remain­-eth in Jeru­salem, shall be called holy, even every one that is writ­ten among the living in Jerusalem:

3 And it shall be that he who is left in Zion and who remains in Jerusalem will be called holy, every­one who has been recorded for life in Jerusalem,

וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ הַנִּשְׁאָ֣ר בְּצִיּ֗וֹן וְהַנּוֹתָר֙N בִּיר֣וּשָׁלַ֔͏ִם קָד֖וֹשׁO יֵאָ֣מֶר ל֑וֹ כׇּל־הַכָּת֥וּב לַחַיִּ֖יםP בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִםQ׃

3 And who­ever shall be left in Zion and who­ever is left in Jerusalem will be cal­led holy, everyone who is writ­ten in Jeru­salem with the living

4 ὅτι ἐκπλυ­νεῖ κύριος τὸν ῥύπον τῶν [υἱῶν καὶ τῶν] θυγατέρων Σιων καὶ τὸ αἷμα X ἐκκαθαριεῖ ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν ἐν πνεύματι κρίσεως καὶ πνεύματι καύσεως.

4 For the Lord shall wash away the filth of the [sons and] daugh­ters of Sion, and shall purge out the blood X X from the midst of them, with the spirit of judgment, and the spirit of burning.

4 If the Lord shall wash away the filth of the daughters of Sion, and shall wash away the blood of Jerusalem out of the midst there­of, by the spirit of judgment, and by the spirit of burning.

4 when the Lord shall have wash­ed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and cleansed the bloodstains of Jerusa­lem from its midst by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning.

4 X The Lord will wash away the filth of the women of Zion; X he will cleanse the blood­stains from X X X Jerusalem by a spirit of judgment and a spirit of fire.

4 When the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and purged the bloodshed of Jerusa­lem from her midst, by the spirit of judgment and the spirit of burning,

4 When the Lord shall have washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and shall have purged the blood of Jerusalem from the midst thereof by the spirit of judgment, and by the spirit of burning.

4 when the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion and cleansed the bloodstains of Jerusa­lem from her midst by a spirit of judgment and by a spirit of burning.

אִ֣ם ׀ רָחַ֣ץ אֲדֹנָ֗י אֵ֚ת צֹאַ֣תR בְּנוֹת־צִיּ֔וֹן וְאֶת־דְּמֵ֥יS יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם יָדִ֣יחַ מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ בְּר֥וּחַ מִשְׁפָּ֖ט וּבְר֥וּחַ בָּעֵֽרT׃

4 And JEH­OVAH shall wash the impurity of the daugh­ters of Zion, and blood will be put far away from the inside of Jerusalem, in The Spirit of Judgment and in The Burning Spirit

5 καὶ ἥξει, καὶ ἔσται πᾶς τόπος τοῦ ὄρους Σιων καὶ πάντα τὰ περικύκλῳ αὐτῆς [σκιά­σει] νεφέλη ἡμέρας καὶ [ὡς] καπνοῦ καὶ ὡς φω­τὸς U πυρὸς καιομένου νυκτός· X πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ σκεπασθή
σεται·

5 And he shall come, and it shall be with regard to every place of mount Sion, yea, all the region round about it shall a cloud [overshadow] by day, and there shall be [as it were] the smoke and light of fire burning by night: and upon all the glory shall be a defence.

5 And the Lord will create upon every place of mount Sion, and where he is Vcalled upon, a cloud by day, and a smoke and the bright­ness of a flaming fire in the night: for over all the glory shall be a protection.

5 Then the LORD will create over the whole site of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there will be a canopy.

5 Then the LORD will create over all X of Mount Zion and over those who assemble there a cloud of smoke by day and a glow of flaming fire by night; over all the glory will be a canopy.

5 then the LORD will create over the whole area of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, even smoke, and the bright­ness of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory will be a canopy.

5 And the LORD will create upon every dwel­ling place of mount Zion, and upon her assemb­lies, a cloud and smoke by day, and the shining of a flaming fire by night: for upon all the glory shall be a defence.

5 Then Yahweh will create over the whole site of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud by day, and smoke and the shining of a flaming fire by night; for over all the glory there will be a canopy.

וּבָרָ֣אW יְהֹוָ֡ה עַל֩ כׇּל־מְכ֨וֹן הַר־צִיּ֜וֹן וְעַל־
מִקְרָאֶ֗הָX עָנָ֤ן ׀יוֹמָם֙Y וְעָשָׁ֔ן וְנֹ֛גַהּ אֵ֥שׁ לֶהָבָ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה כִּ֥י עַל־כׇּל־

כָּב֖וֹד חֻפָּֽהZ׃

5 And JEH­OVAH shall create over the entire foundation of the Mountain of Zion, over its surround­ings, a cloud by day and smoke and bright­ness of the flame of fire in the night, be­cause glory shall X co­v­er over all

6 καὶ X ἔσται εἰς σκιὰν X ἀπὸ καύμα­τος καὶ ἐν σκέπῃ καὶ ἐν ἀπο­κρύφῳ ἀπὸ σκληρότητος καὶ ὑετοῦ.

6 And it shall be for a shadow X X from the heat, and as a shelter and a hiding place from inclemency of weather and from rain.

6 And there shall be a tabernacle for a shade in the day­time from the heat, and for a security and covert from the whirl­wind, and from rain.

6 X There will be a booth for shade by day from the heat, and for a refuge and a shelter from the storm and rain.

6 X It will be a shelter and shade from the heat of the day, and a refuge and hiding place from the storm and rain.

6 X There will be a shelter to give shade from the heat by day, and refuge and protection from the storm and the rain.

6 And there shall be a tabernacle for a shadow in the day­time from the heat, and for a place of refuge, and for a covert from storm and from rain.

6 And the booth will be for shade by day from the heat, and for a refuge and a shelter from storm and from rain.

וְסֻכָּ֛ה AAתִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְצֵל־יוֹמָ֖ם ABמֵחֹ֑רֶב וּלְמַחְסֶה֙ וּלְמִסְתּ֔וֹר מִזֶּ֖רֶם וּמִמָּטָֽרAC׃

6 And there shall be a shelter for the shade of the day X to cover from the heat and to shelter from the downpour and from the rain.


1From Crusader Hymns and Hymn Stories, No. 108, by Cliff Burrows and Donald Hustad.

AWhen a translation adds words not in the Hebrew text, but does not indicate it has done so by the use of italics (or greyed-out text), I put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a wording which is different from all the other translations, I underline it. When a version chooses a translation which, in my opinion, either departs too far from the root meaning of the Hebrew word or departs too far from the grammar form of the original text, I use strikeout. And when a version omits a word which is in the original text, I insert an X. (I also place an X at the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English translation is singular.) I occasionally use colors to help the reader see correlations between the various editions and versions when there are more than two different translations of a given word.

BNAW is my translation.

CWhere this text matches the DSS (1QIsaiaha or 4Q55Isaiaha), the text is colored purple. 1Q is dated at 125 BC, and 4Q55 is dated between 50-25BC.

DThis verse is a continuation of chapter 3. DSS omits the yod (והחזקה), which might change the stem from Hiphil to Qal, but wouldn’t substantially change the meaning.

E“In that day” is explained in 2:2, 10-20, and also found in 3:7 & 18.

FThe “bread” and “clothes” are what the man did not have in 3:7.

GThis should be the end of chapter 3. The new chapter matter for 4 begins after this.

HAquilla and Theodotion corrected from the LXX (“counsel with”) to the MT with δυναμιν και (“power and”).

ILXX (ἐπιλάμψει) and Peshitta (dnchh) read “shining,” but Vulgate (germen) supports the MT and DSS “branch/shoot/sprout,” and Targum (‎מְשִׁיחָא) interprets this as the “Messiah.” Cf. Isa. 11:1, Jer. 23:5, Zech. 6:12, Rom. 15:12.

JNote four synonyms for “glory” here. This one will recur in v.5. This is properly-placed pride in contrast to the humanistic pride detailed in chapters 2 & 3.

KJesus’ divine and human natures are described as Him being both a “branch of God” and a “fruit of the earth.”

LDSS adds ויהודה (“and Judah”), but it is not in any other known ancient manuscript besides 1Q.

MLXX actually reads “written,” which is what the Hebrew also reads.

NTargum explains as “he who returns and gets established in Jerusalem” – i.e. the reconstruction Jews under Ezra and Nehemiah.

O“Holy” denotes a definite relationship with God, not commonly available for any other person’s purposes, and it is the result of the smelting of Chapters 1-3. It is parallel with “chosen” later in this verse. Cf. Ex. 19:4-6, 1 Pet. 2:6-10.

PTargum explains “for eternal life.” Cf. “book of life” in Ps. 69:28, 139:16, Dan. 12:1b, Mal. 3:16, Acts 13:48, Phil. 4:3, Rev. 3:5, 13:8, 20:12, 21:27.

QThat is, in the heavenly Jerusalem where saints with washed robes and whose names are in the Book of Life live with Jesus (Rev. 21:27).

RThe women’s finery in ch. 3 which the “Lord” promised to “take away” is called “filth” here, and is “washed” away. Cf. Zech 13:1-2. “Daughters of Zion… blood of Jerusalem” answers to the 2 sections on the princes of Jerusalem and the daughters of Zion in chapter 3.

SThis plural form of “bloods” indicates more than simply “blood,” but also the guilt of murder.

TMT = “burning,” DSS = “storm” (סער) – cf. “swept clean” in 3:26 and זרם in v.6., but all other ancient versions support the MT.

UAquilla, Symmachus, and Theodotion all corrected the LXX to the MT by removing the two instances of ‘ως and changing φωτος (“light”) to φεγγος (“brightness”).

VThe Hebrew denotes those who are “called” together to worship God, rather than those who “call” upon God, but the ideas are not greatly different.

WDSS throws this verb into past tense (ויברא). LXX seems to have misread the first word without the letter ר (ובא = “and he shall come”) and then misread the 3rd word, switching the vowels from יהוה (“Yahweh”) to והיה (“and he will be”), but the DSS, Vulgate and Peshitta support the MT.

XPeshitta and LXX translators were looking at a different textual tradition with סבב as its root, but DSS supports the MT text. Targum reads “the house of his majesty.” NIV interpreted the final he as locative (supported by Masoretic pointing), but all other translations, including the ancient Greek, Latin, and Syriac, translate it as a possessive feminine pronoun (“her”).

YTargum explains this “cloud” (as well as the “covering” at the end of the verse) as the Shekinah glory cloud that accompanied the Hebrews in the Exodus and turned fiery at night (Num. 14:14).
Curiously, the main Dead Sea Scroll which contains this chapter (1QIsaiaha) skips to the middle of v.6 at this point, but the text in the MT which was skipped by the 1QIsaiah scroll happens to be the one part of this chapter which was preserved in the 4Q5Isaiah scroll (minus the first and last word). The reading of the MT is also attested by the LXX, Peshitta, and Vulgate.

ZThis is the word used for a wedding ceremony pavilion. Cf. Zech. 2:5. Delitzsch commented that the eschatological Israel will not be transient like the emergent nation was, and so its covering will be permanent instead of mobile. (Could it perhaps correlate with the rainbow in Rev. 4:3 and Ezek. 1:22 & 28?)

AAIn the chiastic layout of this chapter, four words in this verse denoting the place of refuge correspond to the four words in the opening verse (v.2) denoting its glory.
Both the chuppa at the end of v.5 and the succoh at the beginning of v.6 are feminine, and so is the verb of being which comes next in v.6. The feminine verb of being is not a formula for “there will be,” but rather has one of these feminine nouns as its subject. The Lord is the ultimate “shelter” and “refuge” of the believer, but the feminine verb might point to Zion herself becoming a place of security for others (as she, in turn, is secured by her Lord).

ABDSS 1QIsaiaha starts v6 with this word. (See endnote Y.)

ACNo night is mentioned, so some think this is picturing heaven, where there is “no night there” (Rev. 22:5).

2