Translation & Sermon by
Nate Wilson for Christ The Redeemer Church, Manhattan, KS, 2 August
2026
Underlined words in Scripture quotes indicate words that
are in common with the Greek text of the sermon passage. Otherwise,
underlining indicates words to emphasize when reading this transcript
out loud. Omitting greyed-out text should
reduce read-aloud time to about 40
minutes.
Read
my translation of the passage, starting at 2 Corinthians
12:6
“...if I happened to want to brag about myself, I
would not be silly, because it’s the truth that I would be
speaking, but I am restraining myself lest someone might start
reckoning to me more than what he sees me to be or what he hears
from me. Also, in order that I might not be lifted too high with the
abundance of these revelations, a shaft for my flesh was given to me
– a messenger of Satan – in order that it might beat me down, so
that I might not be lifted too high. Concerning this, I pleaded with
the Lord three times, that it might stand down from me. However, He
has said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my power is
perfected through weakness.” So instead, I will most-gladly brag
about myself in my weaknesses so that the power of the Anointed One
may camp out on me. Therefore I delight in weaknesses, in insults,
in forced circumstances, in persecutions, in restrictions for the
sake of the Anointed One, for whenever I am weak, it is then that I
am strong.”
In the previous passage, we studied the visions and revelations which God shared with Paul, and we have to admit, God gave Paul some pretty special treatment!
But special spiritual experiences and positions of influence over people have a nasty habit of going to a man’s head. I attended part of a church conference some years ago, where a man who called himself an apostle was the main speaker. I was initially willing to extend the benefit of the doubt that perhaps this man called himself and apostle in the way that I sometimes use the term to denote the ministry of planting new church congregations. But soon it became evident that this man called himself an apostle to mean that he was at the top of a pyramid of authority and honor in his denomination. The thing that illustrated this most dramatically to me was after he had talked for a while and mentioned that he was getting thirsty. A man immediately hurried up to the platform, removed a fantastically-ornate crystal goblet of water from the lectern (which the speaker could have picked up for himself), then knelt down as he lifted the goblet above his head for the speaker to take a sip, then polished the lip of the cup with a rag, placed it back in the lectern and sat down. This performance was repeated several times throughout the speech, and it made me feel almost physically ill to watch it.
In the Greek Old Testament at 2 Chronicles 32, this same word for “exalted above measure/ conceited/lifted too high” is used to describe King Hezekiah after God delivered him from the Assyrian siege of Jerusalem. After the mighty Assyrian army fled back to Nineveh, other kings from the surrounding city-states (including Babylon) tried to cozy-up to Hezekiah by sending him gifts. 2 Chronicles 32:23 says, “And many brought gifts to the Lord to Jerusalem, and presents to [H]Ezekias king of Juda; and he was exalted in the eyes of all the nations after these things.” Now note what God does in the very next verse, 2 Chronicles 32:24 “In those days [H]Ezekias [became] sick even to death... [H]Ezekias did not recompense the Lord according to the return which He made him, but his heart was lifted up1: and wrath came upon him, and upon Juda[h] and Jerusalem.” And what was the result? 2 Chronicles 32:26 “And [H]Ezekias humbled himself after the exaltation2 of his heart, he and the dwellers in Jerusalem; and the wrath of the Lord did not come upon them...” (Brenton)
Something similar happened later, when the King of Babylon became too arrogant, and God humbled him by removing his sanity so that he lived like a wild animal for seven years until God had humbled him. Then he praised God as the Prophet Daniel recorded in Daniel 4:37 “Now therefore I Nabuchodonosor praise and greatly exalt and glorify the King of heaven; for all His works are true, and His paths are judgment: and all that walk in pride He is able to abase.” (Brenton)
It appears that God did something similar to Paul, to keep him from getting too full-of-himself after having giving him so many special visions and revelations. This point is driven home by the repetition of the phrase “...lest I should be exalted above measure/conceited... so that I might not be exalted above measure/conceited.” (If you’re reading an NIV, you won’t see that repetition3.)
God hates pride, so He fights against it in our lives:
Proverbs 3:34 “Surely He [the LORD] scorns the scornful, But gives grace to the humble.” (NKJV)
Proverbs 8:13 “The fear of the LORD is to hate evil; Pride and arrogance and the evil way And the perverse mouth I hate.” (NKJV)
James 4:6 “...God ‘organizes Himself against arrogant men, but it is to lowly ones that He gives grace.’” (NAW)
1 Peter 5:5 “...God arrays Himself against proud men, but to humble men He gives grace.” (NAW)
It is embarrassing and painful to suffer under God’s discipline which He metes out to beat down our pride, but we should consider it a mercy from God that He intervenes to confront pride in our lives, because otherwise God would hate us!
Now, exactly what God did to Paul to keep him from getting conceited is not recorded, so, as a result, much speculation has arisen about his “thorn in the flesh.”
Some Bible scholars point to Paul’s statement in Galatians 6:11 that when he wrote in his “own handwriting” it was with “large letters,” suggesting that Paul’s “thorn in the flesh” was poor eyesight4.
Galatians 4:13-14 seems to point in a different direction when Paul wrote after his first missionary journey into the Galatian province of Asia Minor, “You know that because of physical infirmity5 I preached the gospel to you at the first. And my trial which was in my flesh you did not despise or reject, but you received me as an angel/[messenger] of God, even as Christ Jesus.” (NKJV)
In Galatians 4, Paul uses the same Greek words for “in the flesh” and “infirmity” that he uses in 2 Corinthians 12 to describe his “weakness” and his thorn “in the flesh.”
Acts chapters 13-14 indicate that it was opposition from Jewish leaders in Psidian Antioch that resulted in Paul traveling into the heart of Galatia to share the gospel at Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe, where he continued to have to flee from persecution at every step, and it was during that time that Paul was stoned to death and then resuscitated, so some Bible scholars have suggested that long-term injuries sustained from that stoning were Paul’s “thorn in the flesh.”
(It is noteworthy that Paul used the same word to describe what his “thorn in the flesh” did here in 2 Corinthians 12:7 (that is, to “buffet/torment/harass” him) also in 1 Corinthians 4:11 where he described the “beating” he received when he was persecuted by unbelieving Jews6.
Good Bible scholars have suggested all kinds of other possibilities for the “thorn”: epilepsy7, migraine headaches8, a chronic sickness9, temptation to sin10, Jewish adversaries11, and a host of other conjectures.
I might add that, although the “thorn” and “messenger” are singular, Paul uses the plural form of “weaknesses” in v.9, so, like most of us, he struggled with more than one form of weakness.
Paul calls it a “thorn in/for the flesh” in v.7.
This Greek word for “thorn” doesn’t occur anywhere else in the New Testament, although it does occur a couple of places in the Greek Old Testament to describe conflicts with pagan foreigners (Num. 33:55 & Ezek. 28:24).
It does not seem to indicate a literal thorn, but rather is metaphorical language to describe a painful condition Paul experienced, and this condition affected him physically, thus it was “a thorn in/for the flesh.”
Maybe you’ve had the experience while gardening or woodworking of getting a thorn or a splinter in your finger that embedded too deep to be able to get it out with tweezers, so you had to live with it for a few days until it could work its way close enough to the surface of the skin to pull it out. You figure out how to get along with it in normal life, but occasionally that finger brushes the wrong way against something and the pain stabs you again. That’s what I think of when I think of Paul’s thorn, although the Greek word here may actually mean something bigger and life-threatening like a “shaft” or “stake.”
Paul also calls it a “messenger of Satan” in v.7.
The Greek word for “messenger” is the same word in Greek for “angel,” but nowhere else in the Bible does this phrase “messenger of Satan” or “angel of Satan” occur.
However, we do know that a couple of chapters earlier in 2 Corinthians 11:14, Paul mentioned that “...Satan transforms himself into an angel/messenger of light…”
and we know from Jesus’ teaching that Satan works together with other “unclean spirits” to try to get us to believe “lies” (John 8:44, Matt. 12:43, cf. Rev. 12:9) and to distort our thinking, which is why Paul exhorted the church back in 2 Corinthians 2:11 about forgiving sinners freely “in order that we may not be gotten-the-best-of by Satan (for we are not ignorant of his thoughts),” and he sets the example in 2 Corinthians 10:5 of “taking captive every thought into the obedience of Christ.” (NAW)
We also know from Jesus’ teaching in Luke 13:16 that causing physical afflictions is something that Satan does and uses to put people in spiritual bondage. Concerning a woman who had a “spirit of infirmity/weakness” (incidentally the same word Paul uses for his weakness) which prevented her from being able to stand up straight, Jesus said, “... Satan has bound [this woman]... for eighteen years...” (NKJV)
We also know this from the book of Job. Job 2:6-7 “And the LORD said to Satan, ‘Behold, he is in your hand, but spare his life.’ So Satan went out from the presence of the LORD, and struck Job with painful boils from the sole of his foot to the crown of his head.” (NKJV) So Satan is able to cause sickness/weakness/pain, but only with God’s permission.
Paul also understands that God’s will is what stands behind even Satan’s “torments/harassments”:
He calls his “thorn in the flesh” “a messenger of Satan,” but then he turns around and says that it was “given... in order to keep me becoming conceited.”
So, who “gave” that “thorn in the flesh” to Paul? Only God would have goal of “keeping [Paul] from being lifted up too high” in pride!
Paul recognizes that God used what Satan intended to be a tool to distort his thinking and turn him against God, to draw him instead into closer trust in Christ.12
Are you seeing the picture of how Satan tries to use weakness, sickness, and pain in our lives to distract us from God,
to get us to form twisted thoughts about God not loving us,
twisted thoughts of self-pity as we get absorbed in our miserable conditions – whatever they are – and envy the health and happiness of others,
twisted thoughts of self-harm as he deceives us into thinking that it would be better to kill ourselves to escape the pain than to let the pain chisel down our abominable pride and improve our relationship with.
What a pack of lies Satan offers us, when all the while God’s desire is to save us through our infirmities so that we don’t try to act like little gods in opposition to Him for eternity (like Satan wants us to do).
That’s why James 4:10 says, “Let yourselves be humbled in the sight of the Lord, and He will exalt you.” (NAW)
Although we recognize that there are powerful spiritual entities at work behind the scenes in our physical maladies, Christians are not fatalists. We do not simply accept sickness and pain as something which cannot be changed or challenged.
Paul provides an example to us in verse 8 of not passively acquiescing to infirmity. Instead he asks God to make this “messenger of Satan... go away from” him. And he asks God not once but three times.
When you become sick or injured, it is right and good to seek God’s glory by asking God to heal you.
This is, in fact what you are commanded to do in James 5:13-16 “Is anyone among y'all suffering? Let him keep praying! ... Is anyone among y'all sick/weak? [again, the same word Paul used to describe his weakness] Let him call13 to himself the elders of the church, and let them pray over him after anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord, and the vow-prayer of faith will restore the one who is ailing, and the Lord will raise him up, and if he happens to have committed sins, it will be forgiven him. Therefore, keep confessing your sins to one another, and keep praying on behalf of one another, so that y'all might be healed...” (NAW)
In John 9:1-3 Jesus tells His disciples that a man was born blind simply so that Jesus could heal him and be recognized as the Messiah. “Now as Jesus passed by, He saw a man who was blind from birth. And His disciples asked Him, saying, ‘Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?’ Jesus answered, ‘Neither this man nor his parents sinned, but that the works of God should be revealed in him.’” (NKJV)
This principle of the rightness of seeking God’s glory through asking Him to heal or remove evil can even be demonstrated from the Bible stories when God did NOT bring healing or remove evil.
In 2 Samuel 12, David’s adultery with Bathsheba (and murder of Bathsheba’s husband to cover it up) was exposed by the prophet Nathan, and God declared through the prophet that the child he fathered with Bathsheba would get sick and die. Did David say, “Oh well, I guess we deserved it; I’ll go make the funeral preparations...” NO! David spent a week fasting and praying, petitioning God to have mercy on his family and let the child live! God did not honor that request, but because David was a man of God, he did not fatalistically sit back and watch the child die without at least trying to see if God would heal him.
In a similar way, Jesus Himself, when faced with the horrific prospect of being falsely convicted of a capital crime, tortured to death, and made the object of God’s wrath, asked God if there might be another way to save us without having to endure such evil. “...My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass by me...” (Matt. 26:39, NAW) Not once but three times He prayed this. There was no better way, but still Jesus asked.
So don’t give in to the hopelessness and injustice and brokenness without a fight! Ask God for healing, justice, and deliverance, and ask Him more than once! It may be that your situation is one He set up to bring glory to Himself through a miraculous intervention like He did for that blind man Jesus healed. You never know until you’ve tried asking.
We have seen a couple of miraculous healings in our church; I’m sure these miraculous healings would not have happened if the church members involved had not asked for prayer and if the elders had not prayed for healing.
However, most of the times someone has asked for prayer in our church, there has not been a miraculous healing; things have taken a different course. That is what Paul talks about next in verse 9.
The Perfect tense of the verb “He has said” makes it unclear whether this was a reply from God after Paul asked Him to remove the “thorn” or whether Paul remembered some previous communication from God which he applied to himself to answer his own question after he had committed the matter to prayer.
Since there is no other place in the Bible which records this quote from God, I will interpret the perfect tense of “God has said” along with the present tense of “is sufficient” to mean that God is not merely saying that His grace was enough to deal with the problem Paul was praying about, but that God’s grace continues to hold force, and that His word continues to hold force in any and every problem Paul (or you) will ever face.
You don’t need God to say it again. He has put His answer down for you in black and white right here. All you have to do is remember it: God’s “grace continues to be sufficient for you.”
In Paul’s case, it was enough that God gave grace to Paul; no more miraculous healing or vision or revelation would be necessary for Paul to trust Jesus and carry out his mission of making disciples of all the nations. Paul could rest content that he had received as much grace as he had, and he could stop asking for a supernatural healing on top of everything else, now that he had asked God three times and God had not seen fit to do things as Paul had asked.
Once again, Paul sets the example for us in what to do if we have asked God repeatedly for relief from a problem and God hasn’t responded with a miracle. We need to trust that God’s grace toward us is sufficient to sustain us THROUGH that problem.
Remember what Paul has already said about God’s grace earlier in this letter:
It comes along with “peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ” (2 Cor. 1:2, NAW),
It is the opposite of “fleshly wisdom” (2 Cor. 1:12, NAW),
It is the character of “God, Who always parades us with the Anointed One, and Who reveals the aroma of the knowledge of Him through us in every place” (2 Cor. 2:14, NAW),
It was demonstrated by Jesus: “though He was rich [with heavenly glory], He became poor [taking on flesh and dying on the cross] for your sakes, in order that y'all might become rich by means of that man's poverty” (2 Cor. 8:9, NAW),
This grace has been “distributed among the churches” (2 Cor. 8:1, NAW),
It is “much” and “multiplying” (2 Cor. 4:15, NAW),
“and God is able to make all grace abound among y'all, in order that in everything, always, having all sufficiency, y'all may abound in every good work, (2 Cor. 9:8, NAW)
That grace “is enough” for you too.
The reason why it is sufficient is stated in the middle of verse 9: “...for/because My strength is made perfect in/through weakness…”
God’s power becomes all that it should be when it is not ignored and covered-up by human power, but rather when human weakness is evident and there can be no other explanation for there being strength in us than that God is graciously providing strength to us.
2 Corinthians 13:4 “For though He was crucified in weakness, yet He lives by the power of God. For we also are weak in Him, but we shall live with Him by the power of God toward you.” (NKJV)
Hebrews 11:32-34 “And what might I yet say? For the time will be totally insufficient for me to narrate concerning ... those who through faith wrestled down kingdoms, worked for justice, obtained promises, shut lion's mouths, stifled the power of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, were empowered after weakness, were made into mighty men during war, [and] routed foreign army-camps.” (NAW)
“Every believer must learn that human weakness and divine grace go hand in hand together.” ~P. E. Hughes, 1962 AD
But, conversely, when we try to get the world to pay attention to our human strengths – our intellectual prowess, our ability to move other people’s emotions with our words, our physical beauty and muscular strength, our material wealth – it obscures the power of God in us, resulting in a kind of spiritual immaturity – the opposite of being “perfected.”
So Paul chose to boast in his “weaknesses/infirmities so that the power of Christ may dwell/ rest/camp out on me.”
He already said in the previous chapter – 2 Corinthians 11:30 “Since it is necessary to brag about myself, it will be about the issues of my weakness ...” (NAW)
And earlier in 1 Corinthians 2:3 “...I came to y'all in weakness and in fear and in much trembling... in order that your faith might not exist in the wisdom of men, but rather in the power of God.” (NAW)
Note, however, that Paul is not advocating being weak due to laziness and inaction:
This is the man who said in 1 Corinthians 9:24-26 “...run in order that you might receive [the prize hands-]down! Now every contender exercises strong control over all things… we… do so in order to win a laurel that is... imperishable! As for me, therefore, this is how I'm running: as not uncertainly. This is how I'm boxing: as not beating air…” (NAW)
Paul “worked hard” in a very disciplined way to bend his skills and energies to the task God had given him, but when he ran into a weakness that he couldn’t overcome (or a problem that he couldn’t solve), Paul didn’t say, “I can handle it; I’ll just push-through and show the world the greatness of my human potential!” Instead he prayed to God and trusted that God would either miraculously heal that weakness or God would provide supernatural strength to continue doing what God had called him to do despite that weakness.
Either way, Paul fully expected to praise God for the outcome, and that’s what we should do too. We should end up saying with Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:57 “...thanks be to God, the Giver of the victory to us through our Lord Jesus Christ!” (NAW)
Why should you look to God for strength? Because He is powerful!
1 Corinthians 1:25 “because the stupidity of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger14 than men.” (NAW)
Ephesians 1:19-21 “y'all know... what the hyperbolic greatness of His power into us believers is, according to the energy of the might of His strength, which He worked in the Anointed One when He raised out of the dead and seated Him in His right hand in the heavens above every ruler and authority and power...” (NAW)
God certainly has the wisdom and power to overcome any problem!
Furthermore, you should look to God to strengthen you because He promises He will do so:
Isaiah 41:13 “I am Yahweh your God, strengthening15 your right hand; saying to you, ‘Fear not, I myself help you.’” (NAW)
... “giving power16 to the faint and to the ones who have no strength He will increase might.” (Isaiah 40:29, NAW)
Colossians 1:11 “...be strengthened with all might, according to His glorious power, for all patience and longsuffering with joy...” (NKJV, cf. Eph. 3:16, 1 Tim. 4:17)
Philippians 4:13 “I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.” (NKJV)
So Paul says in v. 10 that he is actually “delighted” when he encounters a situation where he is limited by weakness from doing God’s will, because each challenge provides a context for God to demonstrate His power. That’s what it says in 2 Chronicles 16:9, too: “For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show Himself strong17 on behalf of those whose heart is loyal to Him.” (NKJV)
So, when you encounter a dismaying lack of funds or feel too weak to go on, or are mentally overwhelmed, or confronted with opposition from others, that is the time to be “pleased” with your weakness and to ask God to show His power through you!
Verse 10 contains a litany of what those weaknesses were in Paul’s life which provided opportunities for God to show Himself strong18:
ἀσθενείαις is literally a “lack of strength.”
But Paul says at the end of the verse, “Whenever I am weak, that’s when I am strong!”
ὕβρεσιν is translated “insults/reproaches”
It is based on the Greek root from which we get the word “hubris” (which means pride that leads to a fall).
Paul was often opposed by religious leaders who, in their foolish pride thought he was wrong in what he taught about Jesus, so they mocked and insulted and falsely accused Paul.
In such situations, a minister might be tempted to rely on his keen intellect and skill in rhetoric to prove his critics wrong and to persuade everybody to agree with him, but Paul knew better. He did not have the power to change hearts or to regenerate and infuse faith into the spiritually dead. He had to preach the gospel to the best of his ability and then rely on God to save those whom God had appointed to eternal life (Acts 13:48).
ἀνάγκαις/necessities/needs/distresses/hardships has to do with “forced circumstances.”
It would include circumstances of lack (such as not enough food or water) due to famine, drought, or war, and it would include circumstances where oppressors are forcing victims to do what they wouldn’t want to do, such as in times of persecution.
Paul mentioned that he had experienced this in 2 Corinthians 6:4-5 “but rather, in everything, as servants of God, recommending ourselves in much perseverance, in stresses, in forced circumstances, in restrictions, in wounds, in imprisonments, in upheavals, in labors, in night-watches, in fastings… 10 as grieving yet always rejoicing, as poor yet making many rich, as having nothing yet possessing all!” (NAW)
There was also such a condition of “distress/necessity” in Corinth when he wrote 1 Corinthians 7:26 which made it preferable not to get married at the time.
In such times of necessity, a smart consumer might be tempted to rely on human ingenuity to find everything they needed, but Paul modeled asking God first and then relying on God’s ability to provide needs and God’s strength to be content with whatever He provides.
διωγμοῖς is the Greek word for “persecution”
In 2 Timothy 3:10-11, Paul wrote “...you have carefully followed my doctrine, manner of life, purpose, faith, longsuffering, love, perseverance, persecutions, afflictions, which happened to me at Antioch, at Iconium, at Lystra – what persecutions I endured. And out of them all the Lord delivered me.” (NKJV)
Acts 13:50 also mentions that episode: “But the Jews [in Psidian Antioch] stirred up the devout and prominent women and the chief men of the city, raised up persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them from their region.” (NKJV)
A legal or military expert might be tempted to rely upon political clout or even warfare in response to religious persecution. “How dare those pagan tyrants abuse their power like that! Let’s teach them a lesson! We’ll sue their pants off! We’ll beat the living daylights out of them!” And, although Paul occasionally used legal privileges and took security measures, his first recourse was to prayer, and if God did not enable him to evade persecution, God helped him to suffer the persecution and endure it cheerfully.
He wrote in Romans 8:35-37 “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or peril, or sword? ... Yet in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him who loved us.” (NKJV)
The last Greek word, στενοχωρίαις, literally has to do with a “narrowing down” of options or “restriction” of movement – also translated “distresses/difficulties/calamities.”
In addition to the “distress” in the list of Romans 8:35 which can’t “separate us from the love of Christ,” one of the few other places this word occurs in the New Testament is 2 Cor. 6:4 , where Paul says, “…in everything, as servants of God, we are recommending ourselves in much perseverance, in stresses, in forced circumstances, in restrictions…” (NAW)
It is used in the Greek Old Testament mostly to describe wartime sieges (Deut. 28:53, 55, 57; Isa. 8:22-23; 30:6). The idea of a siege brings to mind the time when Paul was trapped inside Damascus with the army waiting outside the city’s only exit gate to capture him.
It could also be describing the times Paul spent in prison in Philippi, Jerusalem, Caesarea, and Rome.
Once again, a good strategist might rely on his wits to maintain his independence and keep his options open, but Paul never became famous for tactical maneuvers. He prayed and relied on God’s strength to deliver him, and he suffered “gladly” through his time in prison, singing hymns, converting his guards to Christianity, and writing letters to the churches!
A picture that comes to mind is the way that children act when they are proud of themselves for learning a skill – like doing a flip on the monkey bars. What do they say? “Hey watch me!” Right? “Hey, watch me do this!” And then they do it, and they come back to you and say, “Did you see me? Did you see me! Wasn’t that great?”
Paul turns that on its head. Instead of saying, “Watch me overcome this problem,” we should say, “Hey watch what’s going to happen! See this problem? Watch how God gets me through it, because He will, one way or another; you’ll see!”
“The self-sufficient must ever remain strangers to the power of that grace which is manifested only in conscious weakness.” ~Geoffrey Wilson, 1979 AD
The “thorn” or “messenger of Satan” that God has given you to humble you and call you to depend on Him may be a chronic illness, a devastating blow to your business, a betrayal by a friend, or loss of a loved one. This is your opportunity to say, “Hey, watch this! God is going to show Himself strong in my weakness!”
I want to close with the lyrics of a song written by Twila Paris in 1990, called “This Thorn.”
Thank you for this thorn embedded in my flesh. I can feel the mystery – my spirit is made fresh.
You are sovereign still and forever wise. I can see the miracle opening my eyes –
To a proud heart so quick to judge – Laying down crosses and carrying grudges.
The veil has been torn, And I thank you for this thorn...
And if You chose to take it, I will praise You and thank You for the healing in your name,
But if it must remain, I thank You for Your rod – Evidence of Father-love for a child of God.
I join you in sorrow (So much less than You have borne)
And I thank you (Really I thank You, Lord); I thank You for this thorn.
ByzantineB |
NAW |
KJVC |
RheimsD |
MurdockE |
CopticF |
7 Καὶ τῇ ὑπερβολῇ τῶν ἀποκαλύψεων, Gἵνα μὴ ὑπεραίρωμαιH, ἐδόθη μοι σκόλοψI τῇ Jσαρκί, Kἄγγελος Σατᾶν ἵνα με κολαφίζῃL ἵνα μὴ ὑπεραίρωμαιM. |
7 Also, in order that I might not be lifted too high with the abundance of these revelations, a shaft for my flesh was given to me – a messenger of Satan – in order that it might beat me down, so that I might not be lifted too high. |
7 And lest I should be exalted above measure through the abundance of the revelations, there was given to me a thorn in the flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet me, lest I should be exalted above measure. |
7
And lest X the
greatness
of the revelations should
X
exalt
|
7 And, that I might not be uplifted by the excellency of the revelations, there was imparted to me a thorn in my flesh, the angel of Satan, to buffet me, that I might not be uplifted. |
7 And in (the) abundance of the revelations, [thereforeB], that I should not {exalt myselfΒ/be exalted [of heart]S}, a [piercingB] thorn was given in my flesh, namely anB/theS angel of Satan that he might buffet me, that I should not exalt myself. |
8 ὑπὲρN τούτου τρὶς τὸν Κύριον παρεκάλεσα ἵνα ἀποστῇ ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ· |
8 Concerning this, I pleaded with the Lord three times, that it might stand down from me. |
8 For this [thing] I besought the Lord thrice, that it might depart from me. |
8
For
|
8 Respecting this, I thrice besought my Lord, that it might depart from me. |
8 Ι prayed the Lord three times about this, that he might depart from me. |
9 καὶ εἴρηκέ μοι· ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάριςO μου· ἡ γὰρ δύναμις μουP ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦταιQ. ἥδισταR οὖν μᾶλλον καυχήσομαι ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις μου, ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃS ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ. |
9 However, He has said to me, “My grace is enough for you, for my power is perfected through weakness.” So instead, I will most-gladly brag about myself in my weaknesses so that the power of the Anointed One may camp out on me. |
9 And he said unto me, My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness. Most gladly therefore will I rather glory in my infirmities, that the power of Christ may rest upon me. |
9
And he said to me: My grace is sufficient for thee: for power
is made perfect
in infirmity.
X
Gladly
therefore will I glory in my infirmities,
that the power
of Christ may dwell
|
9 And he said to me, My grace is sufficient for thee; for my power is perfected in weakness. X Gladly, therefore, will I glory in my infirmities, that the power of the Messiah may rest upon me. |
9
And he said to me: 'It is sufficient for thee with
|
10 διὸ εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαιςT, ἐν ὕβρεσινU, ἐν ἀνάγκαις, ἐνV διωγμοῖς, ἐν στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ· ὅτανW γὰρ ἀσθενῶ, τότε δυνατός εἰμι. |
10 Therefore I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in forced circumstances, in persecutions, in restrictions for the sake of the Anointed One, for whenever I am weak, it is then that I am strong. |
10 Therefore I take pleasure in infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses for Christ's sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong. |
10 For which cause I please myself in [my] infirmities, in reproaches, in necessities, in persecutions, in distresses, for Christ. For when I am weak, then am I powerful. |
10 Therefore I have pleasure in infirmities, in reproachX, in afflictions, in persecution[sX], in distress[esY], which are for the Messiah's sake: for when I am weak, then am I strong. |
10 [Because of thisS] Therefore I am well pleased in weaknessesB[XS], in injuriesB/insultsS, in necessities, in persecutions, in tribulations for Christ: for if I should be weak, then I {take courageB/am wont to be powerfulS}. |
1ὑψώθη, a somewhat less-intensive synonym to ὑπεραίρωμαι in 2 Cor. 12:7.
2ὕψους, a noun form of the above synonym.
3The NIV follows the 4th century Latin Vulgate and Vaticanus which omitted the repetition for reasons unknown, but the repetition is in all the other ancient versions and in all but five of the Greek manuscripts. (Notably, the 4th century Sinaiticus and 3rd century Papyrus 46 contain the repetition.)
4Cf. Gal. 4:15 Could this have been connected with the blindness with which he was struck at his conversion?
5ἀσθενείαν τῆς σαρκὸς, compare with ἀσθενείᾳ in 2 Cor. 12:9 and σαρκι in 2 Cor. 12:7.
6“Even up to this very hour we continue to be hungry and thirsty, and we are poorly-dressed and beaten up…” (NAW)
7Lightheart & Vincent
8Tertullian & Robertson
9Allo, Sir William Ramsay (malaria), W. M. Alexander (Malta fever).
10Luther, Cornelius à Lapide, M. Henry
11Chrysostom, Augustine, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret, Photius, Theophylact, Tasker
12“...whatever be the infirmity under which we labor, let us bear in mind, that we are, as it were, buffeted by the Lord, with the view of making us ashamed, that we may learn humility. Let this be carefully reflected upon by those, especially, who are otherwise distinguished by illustrious virtues...” ~J. Calvin
13προσκαλεσάσθω, a closely-related word to παρεκάλεσα in 2 Cor. 12:8.
14ἰσχυρότερον, a synonym to δυνατός in 2 Cor. 12:10.
15κρατῶν, a verb with synonymous meaning to the words δύναμις/δύνατος in 2 Cor. 12:9/10.
16ἰσχὺν, a synonym to δύναμις/δύνατος in 2 Cor. 12:9/10. (The rest of this verse in Isaiah is garbled in the LXX.)
17κατισχῦσαι, a verb with a close root meaning to δύνατος in 2 Cor. 12:10.
18“Nothing, of course, could be more incongruous than to saddle this great preacher of salvation by grace alone through faith alone (cf. Eph. 2:8) with the errors of a later ascetic theology which encouraged men to think that by means of self-inflicted bodily sufferings and indignities they could accumulate forgiveness of post-baptismal sins and justifying merit before God.” ~P. E. Hughes
AWhen
a translation adds words not in the Greek text, but does not
indicate it has done so by the use of italics or greyed-out text, I
put the added words in [square brackets]. When one version chooses a
wording which is different from all the other translations, I
underline it. When a version chooses a translation which, in my
opinion, either departs too far from the root meaning of the Greek
word or departs too far from the grammar form of the original text,
I use strikeout. And when a version omits a word
which is in the original text, I insert an X. I also place an X at
the end of a word if the original word is plural but the English
translation is singular. I occasionally use colors to help the
reader see correlations between the various editions and versions
when there are more than two different translations of a given word.
NAW is my translation. My original chart includes annotated copies
of the NKJV, NASB, NIV, and ESV, but I erase them from the online
edition so as not to infringe on their copyrights.
BThis Greek New Testament is the 1904 "Patriarchal" edition of the Greek Orthodox Church. As published by E-Sword in 2016. The Robinson-Pierpont Byzantine majority text of the GNT and the Textus Receptus are very similar. The Westcott-Hort, Nestle-Aland, UBS, and Tregelles editions, however, are a slightly-different family of GNTs developed in the modern era, focusing on the few manuscripts which are older than the Byzantine manuscripts. Even so, the practical differences in the text between these two editing philosophies are minimal.
C1769 King James Version of the Holy Bible; public domain. As published by E-Sword in 2019.
DRheims New Testament first published by the English College at Rheims, A.D. 1582, Revised and Diligently Compared with the Latin Vulgate by Bishop Richard Challoner, Published in 1582, 1609, 1752. As published on E-Sword in 2016.
EJames Murdock, A Literal Translation from the Syriac Peshito Version, 1851, Robert Carter & Brothers, New York. Scanned and transcribed by Gary Cernava and published electronically by Janet Magierra at http://www.lightofword.org, and published on E-Sword in 2023.
FThis is my conflation of the English translations of the Northern Bohairic and Southern Sahidic traditions published by Oxford Clarendon Press in 1905 and 1920 respectively, neither of which named the translator or editor. The beginnings and ends of multiple-word variants are marked out with brackets, with a superscript “S” for Sahidic or “B” for Bohairic.
GThis is the reading of the majority of Greek manuscripts (including the oldest-known from the 3rd century), and therefore is the reading of the Textus Receptus, Greek Orthodox, and Tischendorf editions of the GNT. However, there are 9 Greek manuscripts (the oldest of which are from the 4th-5th centuries) that insert the word διο here, reflected in the RV & ASV “by reason of,” NASB “for this reason,” NET “Therefore,” and NLT “So.” The Nestle-Aland, UBS, and Tregelles GNT editions include this extra word. The NIV and ESV followed the Peshitta, Vulgate, Sahidic, Geneva & KJV without the extra word. It makes no real difference in meaning whether or not the extra word is present.
HThis word also appears in the LXX account of Hezekiah’s “exaltation” through victory and humbling through sickness in 2 Chron. 32:23.
IOf the four other times this word appears in the Greek Bible, two (Num. 33:55 & Ezek. 28:24) have to do with the curse of the Mosaic covenant about any Canaanites not driven out of the Promised Land becoming “thorns in the eyes and pricks in the sides (πλευραῖς)” of God’s people (the other two being Hos. 2:8 and the apocryphal Sirach 43:19). Calvin thought it was a “rod” or “ox-goad.” Vincent argued that since the Greek Bible usually preferred to translate “thorn” with a different Greek word (acanthus), and since classical Greek equated this word skolops with crucifixion, we should interpret it more like a cross to kill the flesh than a splinter to irritate it. Hughes generally agreed, but argued that “the Apostle has in mind the picture of impalement or transfixion rather than crucifixion.” He goes on to ask, “Was the stake for the flesh one and the same with the affliction which overtook him in Asia, weighing him down exceedingly, beyond his power, so that he despaired even of life (1:8)? And does he refer to the same thing when he tells the Thessalonians that, having wished to visit them once and again, it was Satan that hindered him on each occasion (I Thess. 2:18)? These are some of the interesting suggestions which have been proposed and which, although they inevitably fall short of certainty, are deserving of sympathetic consideration.”
JPicking up on a tentative suggestion from Robertson, Hanna argued that this was indeed a “dative of advantage” (“for the flesh”) rather than a locative use of the dative case (“in the flesh”), reasoning that a locative expression would be more likely to have an explicit preposition (which is missing here) and that “when a dative is used with a substantive... it frequently has the notion of advantage or disadvantage…” Hughes agreed. Erasmus, on the other hand, interpreted it instrumentally (“by the flesh”), and Calvin, Henry, & Vincent (and most English versions) locatively (“in the flesh”).
K“messenger/angel” does not have a definite article, but some translators still construed it as as definite (“the angel”), since the modifier “of Satan” is a Proper (definite) noun.
LThis verb only occurs three other places in the Greek Bible: Matt. 26:67 || Mk. 14:65 (where the soldiers “beat” Jesus with the reed); 1 Cor. 4:11 (one of Paul’s hardships); and 1 Pet. 2:20 (referring to a disciplinary caning). The root connotes discipline, such that it could almost work to translate it “spank.”
MThe final repetition of this phrase “in order that I might not be raised above” is in the majority of Greek manuscripts (including the 3rd Century Papyrus 46 and 4th century Vaticanus) and in all known editions of the Greek NT, as well as in the Syriac and Coptic and most English versions. However, the NIV followed the Vulgate and 6 Greek manuscripts (including the 4th century Sinaiticus {although it actually contains the missing phrase in a marginal note} and 5th century Alexandrinus) and probably Westcott & Hort’s critical notes in omitting this phrase. Since the phrase is already stated earlier in the verse, it doesn’t change the meaning to omit the second iteration, but it does remove the emphasis which repetition places on this phrase.
NBlass & Debrunner followed the causative meaning of this preposition (L&N#89.28 “because”), but I side with Hanna and Moule in interpreting it as a referent of content (L&N#90.24 “about/concerning”).
OI question Calvin’s narrowing down of the meaning of this word. (“The term grace, here, does not mean here, as it does elsewhere, the favor of God, but by metonymy, the aid of the Holy Spirit…”)
P“my” is the reading of the majority of Greek manuscripts (the oldest being dated to the 9th century) and is the reading of the Textus Receptus and Greek Orthodox editions and of the Peshitta, Bohairic, and practically every English version except for the NASB (although it is in the Spanish Bible published by the same Lockman foundation!). Seven Greek manuscripts (including all 5 dated before the 9th century – although most have had “my” added in by a later corrector) read without the “my,” so the more-terse reading is in all the contemporary Greek editions and in the Vulgate, Sahidic, and NASB versions.
QThe three oldest-known Greek manuscripts read with the diphthong removed from the middle of this word (τελειται), but this is just a spelling issue and not a variant in meaning, since both spellings are Present Passive Indicative 3rd person Singular forms of the same verb root. All the English versions are in agreement. There are three other ways this verb is spelled in subsequent manuscripts, but from the 9th century on, the manuscripts settled on this spelling with the -ου- as standard.
RHanna cited Robertson’s Grammar with approval that “hedista and mallon are not to be taken together,” but the NIV and ESV stuck them together anyway. Blass & Debrunner and Hughes followed Robertson in noting that “gladly” is “a stereotyped elative superlative - ‘most gladly.’”
SHapex legomenon, but related to κατεσκήνωσεν used throughout the LXX to describe God’s “settling down” in the midst of where His people lived (Num. 35:34; 1 Chr. 23:25; Ezr. 6:12; 7:15; Neh. 1:9; Ps. 5:12; 67:17, 19; Joel 4:17, Zech. 2:14; 8:3; Ezek. 43:7, 9). In the Greek New Testament, the same idea is expressed in the simple form of the root (without the epi- or kata- prefix) in John 1:14 “And the Word became flesh and took up residence [ἐσκήνωσεν] with us,” Rev. 7:15 “...And He who sits on the throne will dwell [σκηνώσει] among them,” and Rev. 21:3 “...Behold, the tabernacle [σκηνὴ] of God is with men, and He will dwell [σκηνώσει] with them, and they shall be His people.” (NKJV) Interestingly, Pringle, Calvin’s 19th century English translator, noted three passages from classical Greek in which this verb meant “enter and dwell/take possession of.”
TTurner’s Grammar noted that the plurals here indicate “cases of...”
UAlthough the only other instances of this word in the Greek New Testament have to do with losses of ship cargo (both in Acts 27), Paul’s meaning here is more in-line with its frequent use throughout the LXX to denote “pride/haughtiness/arrogance.”
V“in” is the reading of all but three known Greek manuscripts (dating back as far as the 5th century) and therefore is the reading of the Textus Receptus, Greek Orthodox, and Tregelles GNT editions, and it is the reading of the ancient Latin, Syriac, and Coptic versions as well as all the English versions, but the three oldest-known Greek manuscripts instead read “and,” so that is the reading of the Nestle-Aland, Tischendorf, and UBS editions of the GNT. It makes no difference in meaning because the noun is in the dative case, which attaches the meaning of “in/with” even if an explicit preposition is not there, and it is obviously a list, so the items on this list are related conjunctively whether or not an explicit conjunction is there.
WRobertson’s Word Pictures note that this is “indefinite – ‘whenever.’”
XAlthough Etheridge, Murdock, and Lamsa all translated this plural into English, it is singular (ܒ݁ܰܪܕ݂ܽܘܦ݂ܝܳܐ) in both the UBS and Khabouris editions of the Peshitta.
YAlthough Etheridge, Murdock, and Lamsa all translated this plural into English, it is singular in the UBS and could be either singular or plural (ܒܚܒܘܫܝܐ) based on pointing in the Khabouris edition of the Peshitta.